--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/OrthancFramework/UnitTestsSources/FrameworkTests.cpp	Wed Jun 10 20:30:34 2020 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@
+/**
+ * Orthanc - A Lightweight, RESTful DICOM Store
+ * Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Sebastien Jodogne, Medical Physics
+ * Department, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2020 Osimis S.A., Belgium
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders of this
+ * program give permission to link the code of its release with the
+ * OpenSSL project's "OpenSSL" library (or with modified versions of it
+ * that use the same license as the "OpenSSL" library), and distribute
+ * the linked executables. You must obey the GNU General Public License
+ * in all respects for all of the code used other than "OpenSSL". If you
+ * modify file(s) with this exception, you may extend this exception to
+ * your version of the file(s), but you are not obligated to do so. If
+ * you do not wish to do so, delete this exception statement from your
+ * version. If you delete this exception statement from all source files
+ * in the program, then also delete it here.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+
+#if ORTHANC_UNIT_TESTS_LINK_FRAMEWORK == 1
+#  include <OrthancFramework.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "PrecompiledHeadersUnitTests.h"
+#include "../Core/EnumerationDictionary.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "../Core/DicomFormat/DicomTag.h"
+#include "../Core/FileBuffer.h"
+#include "../Core/HttpServer/HttpToolbox.h"
+#include "../Core/Logging.h"
+#include "../Core/MetricsRegistry.h"
+#include "../Core/OrthancException.h"
+#include "../Core/SystemToolbox.h"
+#include "../Core/TemporaryFile.h"
+#include "../Core/Toolbox.h"
+
+
+using namespace Orthanc;
+
+
+TEST(Uuid, Generation)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+  {
+    std::string s = Toolbox::GenerateUuid();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsUuid(s));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Uuid, Test)
+{
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsUuid(""));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsUuid("012345678901234567890123456789012345"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsUuid("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsUuid("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-44665544000_"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsUuid("01234567890123456789012345678901234_"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::StartsWithUuid("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-44665544000"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::StartsWithUuid("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::StartsWithUuid("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000 ok"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::StartsWithUuid("550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000ok"));
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, IsSHA1)
+{
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsSHA1(""));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsSHA1("01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsSHA1("012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsSHA1("b5ed549f-956400ce-69a8c063-bf5b78be-2732a4b9"));
+
+  std::string sha = "         b5ed549f-956400ce-69a8c063-bf5b78be-2732a4b9          ";
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsSHA1(sha));
+  sha[3] = '\0';
+  sha[53] = '\0';
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsSHA1(sha));
+  sha[40] = '\0';
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsSHA1(sha));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsSHA1("       "));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsSHA1("16738bc3-e47ed42a-43ce044c-a3414a45-cb069bd0"));
+
+  std::string s;
+  Toolbox::ComputeSHA1(s, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsSHA1(s));
+  ASSERT_EQ("2fd4e1c6-7a2d28fc-ed849ee1-bb76e739-1b93eb12", s);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsSHA1("b5ed549f-956400ce-69a8c063-bf5b78be-2732a4b_"));
+}
+
+
+TEST(ParseGetArguments, Basic)
+{
+  IHttpHandler::GetArguments b;
+  HttpToolbox::ParseGetArguments(b, "aaa=baaa&bb=a&aa=c");
+
+  IHttpHandler::Arguments a;
+  HttpToolbox::CompileGetArguments(a, b);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, a.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aaa"], "baaa");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["bb"], "a");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aa"], "c");
+}
+
+TEST(ParseGetArguments, BasicEmpty)
+{
+  IHttpHandler::GetArguments b;
+  HttpToolbox::ParseGetArguments(b, "aaa&bb=aa&aa");
+
+  IHttpHandler::Arguments a;
+  HttpToolbox::CompileGetArguments(a, b);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, a.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aaa"], "");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["bb"], "aa");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aa"], "");
+}
+
+TEST(ParseGetArguments, Single)
+{
+  IHttpHandler::GetArguments b;
+  HttpToolbox::ParseGetArguments(b, "aaa=baaa");
+
+  IHttpHandler::Arguments a;
+  HttpToolbox::CompileGetArguments(a, b);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, a.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aaa"], "baaa");
+}
+
+TEST(ParseGetArguments, SingleEmpty)
+{
+  IHttpHandler::GetArguments b;
+  HttpToolbox::ParseGetArguments(b, "aaa");
+
+  IHttpHandler::Arguments a;
+  HttpToolbox::CompileGetArguments(a, b);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, a.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aaa"], "");
+}
+
+TEST(ParseGetQuery, Test1)
+{
+  UriComponents uri;
+  IHttpHandler::GetArguments b;
+  HttpToolbox::ParseGetQuery(uri, b, "/instances/test/world?aaa=baaa&bb=a&aa=c");
+
+  IHttpHandler::Arguments a;
+  HttpToolbox::CompileGetArguments(a, b);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, uri.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("instances", uri[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("test", uri[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", uri[2]);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, a.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aaa"], "baaa");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["bb"], "a");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a["aa"], "c");
+}
+
+TEST(ParseGetQuery, Test2)
+{
+  UriComponents uri;
+  IHttpHandler::GetArguments b;
+  HttpToolbox::ParseGetQuery(uri, b, "/instances/test/world");
+
+  IHttpHandler::Arguments a;
+  HttpToolbox::CompileGetArguments(a, b);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, uri.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("instances", uri[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("test", uri[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", uri[2]);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0u, a.size());
+}
+
+TEST(Uri, SplitUriComponents)
+{
+  UriComponents c, d;
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/cou/hello/world");
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, c.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou", c[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", c[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", c[2]);
+
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/cou/hello/world/");
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, c.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou", c[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", c[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", c[2]);
+
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/cou/hello/world/a");
+  ASSERT_EQ(4u, c.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou", c[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", c[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", c[2]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("a", c[3]);
+
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/");
+  ASSERT_EQ(0u, c.size());
+
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/hello");
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, c.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", c[0]);
+
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/hello/");
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, c.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", c[0]);
+
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, ""), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "a"), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/coucou//coucou"), OrthancException);
+
+  c.clear();
+  c.push_back("test");
+  ASSERT_EQ("/", Toolbox::FlattenUri(c, 10));
+}
+
+
+TEST(Uri, Truncate)
+{
+  UriComponents c, d;
+  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c, "/cou/hello/world");
+
+  Toolbox::TruncateUri(d, c, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, d.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou", d[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", d[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", d[2]);
+
+  Toolbox::TruncateUri(d, c, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, d.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("hello", d[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", d[1]);
+
+  Toolbox::TruncateUri(d, c, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, d.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", d[0]);
+
+  Toolbox::TruncateUri(d, c, 3);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0u, d.size());
+
+  Toolbox::TruncateUri(d, c, 4);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0u, d.size());
+
+  Toolbox::TruncateUri(d, c, 5);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0u, d.size());
+}
+
+
+TEST(Uri, Child)
+{
+  UriComponents c1;  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c1, "/hello/world");  
+  UriComponents c2;  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c2, "/hello/hello");  
+  UriComponents c3;  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c3, "/hello");  
+  UriComponents c4;  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c4, "/world");  
+  UriComponents c5;  Toolbox::SplitUriComponents(c5, "/");  
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c1, c1));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c1, c2));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c1, c3));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c1, c4));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c1, c5));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c2, c1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c2, c2));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c2, c3));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c2, c4));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c2, c5));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c3, c1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c3, c2));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c3, c3));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c3, c4));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c3, c5));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c4, c1));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c4, c2));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c4, c3));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c4, c4));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c4, c5));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c5, c1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c5, c2));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c5, c3));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c5, c4));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsChildUri(c5, c5));
+}
+
+TEST(Uri, AutodetectMimeType)
+{
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("../NOTES"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(""));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("/"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("a/a"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("..\\a\\"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("..\\a\\a"));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_PlainText, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("../NOTES.txt"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_PlainText, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("../coucou.xml/NOTES.txt"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("..\\coucou.\\NOTES.xml"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("../.xml"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("../.XmL"));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_JavaScript, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.js"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Json, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.json"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Pdf, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.pdf"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Css, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.css"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Html, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.html"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_PlainText, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.txt"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.xml"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Gif, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.gif"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Jpeg, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.jpg"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Jpeg, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.jpeg"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Png, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.png"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_NaCl, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.nexe"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Json, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.nmf"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_PNaCl, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.pexe"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Svg, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.svg"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Woff, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.woff"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Woff2, SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("NOTES.woff2"));
+
+  // Test primitives from the "RegisterDefaultExtensions()" that was
+  // present in the sample "Serve Folders plugin" of Orthanc 1.4.2
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/javascript", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".js")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/json", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".json")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/json", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".nmf")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/octet-stream", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType("")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/wasm", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".wasm")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/x-font-woff", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".woff")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/x-nacl", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".nexe")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/x-pnacl", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".pexe")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("application/xml", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".xml")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("font/woff2", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".woff2")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("image/gif", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".gif")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("image/jpeg", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".jpeg")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("image/jpeg", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".jpg")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("image/png", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".png")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("image/svg+xml", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".svg")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("text/css", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".css")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("text/html", EnumerationToString(SystemToolbox::AutodetectMimeType(".html")));
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, ComputeMD5)
+{
+  std::string s;
+
+  // # echo -n "Hello" | md5sum
+
+  Toolbox::ComputeMD5(s, "Hello");
+  ASSERT_EQ("8b1a9953c4611296a827abf8c47804d7", s);
+  Toolbox::ComputeMD5(s, "");
+  ASSERT_EQ("d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", s);
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, ComputeSHA1)
+{
+  std::string s;
+  
+  Toolbox::ComputeSHA1(s, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");
+  ASSERT_EQ("2fd4e1c6-7a2d28fc-ed849ee1-bb76e739-1b93eb12", s);
+  Toolbox::ComputeSHA1(s, "");
+  ASSERT_EQ("da39a3ee-5e6b4b0d-3255bfef-95601890-afd80709", s);
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, PathToExecutable)
+{
+  printf("[%s]\n", SystemToolbox::GetPathToExecutable().c_str());
+  printf("[%s]\n", SystemToolbox::GetDirectoryOfExecutable().c_str());
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, StripSpaces)
+{
+  ASSERT_EQ("", Toolbox::StripSpaces("       \t  \r   \n  "));
+  ASSERT_EQ("coucou", Toolbox::StripSpaces("    coucou   \t  \r   \n  "));
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou   cou", Toolbox::StripSpaces("    cou   cou    \n  "));
+  ASSERT_EQ("c", Toolbox::StripSpaces("    \n\t c\r    \n  "));
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Case)
+{
+  std::string s = "CoU";
+  std::string ss;
+
+  Toolbox::ToUpperCase(ss, s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("COU", ss);
+  Toolbox::ToLowerCase(ss, s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou", ss); 
+
+  s = "CoU";
+  Toolbox::ToUpperCase(s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("COU", s);
+
+  s = "CoU";
+  Toolbox::ToLowerCase(s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("cou", s);
+}
+
+
+TEST(Logger, Basic)
+{
+  LOG(INFO) << "I say hello";
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, ConvertFromLatin1)
+{
+  // This is a Latin-1 test string
+  const unsigned char data[10] = { 0xe0, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xe7, 0x26, 0xc6, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x00 };
+  
+  std::string s((char*) &data[0], 10);
+  ASSERT_EQ("&abc", Toolbox::ConvertToAscii(s));
+
+  // Open in Emacs, then save with UTF-8 encoding, then "hexdump -C"
+  std::string utf8 = Toolbox::ConvertToUtf8(s, Encoding_Latin1, false);
+  ASSERT_EQ(15u, utf8.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc3, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[0]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa0, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[1]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc3, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[2]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa9, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[3]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc3, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[4]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xaa, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[5]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc3, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[6]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa7, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[7]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x26, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[8]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc3, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[9]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x86, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[10]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x61, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[11]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x62, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[12]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x63, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[13]));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x00, static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8[14]));  // Null-terminated string
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, FixUtf8)
+{
+  // This is a Latin-1 test string: "crane" with a circumflex accent
+  const unsigned char latin1[] = { 0x63, 0x72, 0xe2, 0x6e, 0x65 };
+
+  std::string s((char*) &latin1[0], sizeof(latin1) / sizeof(char));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(s, Toolbox::ConvertFromUtf8(Toolbox::ConvertToUtf8(s, Encoding_Latin1, false), Encoding_Latin1));
+  ASSERT_EQ("cre", Toolbox::ConvertToUtf8(s, Encoding_Utf8, false));
+}
+
+
+static int32_t GetUnicode(const uint8_t* data,
+                          size_t size,
+                          size_t expectedLength)
+{
+  std::string s((char*) &data[0], size);
+  uint32_t unicode;
+  size_t length;
+  Toolbox::Utf8ToUnicodeCharacter(unicode, length, s, 0);
+  if (length != expectedLength)
+  {
+    return -1;  // Error case
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    return unicode;
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Utf8ToUnicode)
+{
+  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+  
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, sizeof(char));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, sizeof(uint8_t));
+  
+  {
+    const uint8_t data[] = { 0x24 };
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x24, GetUnicode(data, 1, 1));
+    ASSERT_THROW(GetUnicode(data, 0, 1), OrthancException);
+  }
+  
+  {
+    const uint8_t data[] = { 0xc2, 0xa2 };
+    ASSERT_EQ(0xa2, GetUnicode(data, 2, 2));
+    ASSERT_THROW(GetUnicode(data, 1, 2), OrthancException);
+  }
+  
+  {
+    const uint8_t data[] = { 0xe0, 0xa4, 0xb9 };
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x0939, GetUnicode(data, 3, 3));
+    ASSERT_THROW(GetUnicode(data, 2, 3), OrthancException);
+  }
+  
+  {
+    const uint8_t data[] = { 0xe2, 0x82, 0xac };
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x20ac, GetUnicode(data, 3, 3));
+    ASSERT_THROW(GetUnicode(data, 2, 3), OrthancException);
+  }
+  
+  {
+    const uint8_t data[] = { 0xf0, 0x90, 0x8d, 0x88 };
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x010348, GetUnicode(data, 4, 4));
+    ASSERT_THROW(GetUnicode(data, 3, 4), OrthancException);
+  }
+  
+  {
+    const uint8_t data[] = { 0xe0 };
+    ASSERT_THROW(GetUnicode(data, 1, 1), OrthancException);
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, UrlDecode)
+{
+  std::string s;
+
+  s = "Hello%20World";
+  Toolbox::UrlDecode(s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("Hello World", s);
+
+  s = "%21%23%24%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2c%2f%3A%3b%3d%3f%40%5B%5D%90%ff";
+  Toolbox::UrlDecode(s);
+  std::string ss = "!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@[]"; 
+  ss.push_back((char) 144); 
+  ss.push_back((char) 255);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ss, s);
+
+  s = "(2000%2C00A4)+Other";
+  Toolbox::UrlDecode(s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("(2000,00A4) Other", s);
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, IsAsciiString)
+{
+  std::string s = "Hello 12 /";
+  ASSERT_EQ(10u, s.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsAsciiString(s));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsAsciiString(s.c_str(), 10));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsAsciiString(s.c_str(), 11));  // Taking the trailing hidden '\0'
+
+  s[2] = '\0';
+  ASSERT_EQ(10u, s.size());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsAsciiString(s));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsAsciiString("Hello\nworld"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsAsciiString("Hello\rworld"));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("Hello\nworld", Toolbox::ConvertToAscii("Hello\nworld"));
+  ASSERT_EQ("Helloworld", Toolbox::ConvertToAscii("Hello\r\tworld"));
+}
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+TEST(Toolbox, AbsoluteDirectory)
+{
+  ASSERT_EQ("/tmp/hello", SystemToolbox::InterpretRelativePath("/tmp", "hello"));
+  ASSERT_EQ("/tmp", SystemToolbox::InterpretRelativePath("/tmp", "/tmp"));
+}
+#endif
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, WriteFile)
+{
+  std::string path;
+
+  {
+    TemporaryFile tmp;
+    path = tmp.GetPath();
+
+    std::string s;
+    s.append("Hello");
+    s.push_back('\0');
+    s.append("World");
+    ASSERT_EQ(11u, s.size());
+
+    SystemToolbox::WriteFile(s, path.c_str());
+
+    std::string t;
+    SystemToolbox::ReadFile(t, path.c_str());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(11u, t.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, t[5]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(s.c_str(), t.c_str(), s.size()));
+
+    std::string h;
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, SystemToolbox::ReadHeader(h, path.c_str(), 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, h.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ('H', h[0]);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(SystemToolbox::ReadHeader(h, path.c_str(), 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0u, h.size());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(SystemToolbox::ReadHeader(h, path.c_str(), 32));
+    ASSERT_EQ(11u, h.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(s.c_str(), h.c_str(), s.size()));
+  }
+
+  std::string u;
+  ASSERT_THROW(SystemToolbox::ReadFile(u, path.c_str()), OrthancException);
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, FileBuffer)
+{
+  FileBuffer f;
+  f.Append("a", 1);
+  f.Append("", 0);
+  f.Append("bc", 2);
+
+  std::string s;
+  f.Read(s);
+  ASSERT_EQ("abc", s);
+
+  ASSERT_THROW(f.Append("d", 1), OrthancException);  // File is closed
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Wildcard)
+{
+  ASSERT_EQ("abcd", Toolbox::WildcardToRegularExpression("abcd"));
+  ASSERT_EQ("ab.*cd", Toolbox::WildcardToRegularExpression("ab*cd"));
+  ASSERT_EQ("ab..cd", Toolbox::WildcardToRegularExpression("ab??cd"));
+  ASSERT_EQ("a.*b.c.*d", Toolbox::WildcardToRegularExpression("a*b?c*d"));
+  ASSERT_EQ("a\\{b\\]", Toolbox::WildcardToRegularExpression("a{b]"));
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Tokenize)
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> t;
+  
+  Toolbox::TokenizeString(t, "", ','); 
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, t.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("", t[0]);
+  
+  Toolbox::TokenizeString(t, "abc", ','); 
+  ASSERT_EQ(1u, t.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("abc", t[0]);
+  
+  Toolbox::TokenizeString(t, "ab,cd,ef,", ','); 
+  ASSERT_EQ(4u, t.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ("ab", t[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("cd", t[1]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("ef", t[2]);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", t[3]);
+}
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Enumerations)
+{
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Utf8, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Utf8)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Ascii, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Ascii)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Latin1, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Latin1)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Latin2, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Latin2)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Latin3, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Latin3)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Latin4, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Latin4)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Latin5, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Latin5)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Cyrillic, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Cyrillic)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Arabic, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Arabic)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Greek, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Greek)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Hebrew, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Hebrew)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Japanese, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Japanese)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Chinese, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Chinese)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Thai, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Thai)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_Korean, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_Korean)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_JapaneseKanji, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_JapaneseKanji)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(Encoding_SimplifiedChinese, StringToEncoding(EnumerationToString(Encoding_SimplifiedChinese)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(ResourceType_Patient, StringToResourceType(EnumerationToString(ResourceType_Patient)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(ResourceType_Study, StringToResourceType(EnumerationToString(ResourceType_Study)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(ResourceType_Series, StringToResourceType(EnumerationToString(ResourceType_Series)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(ResourceType_Instance, StringToResourceType(EnumerationToString(ResourceType_Instance)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(ImageFormat_Png, StringToImageFormat(EnumerationToString(ImageFormat_Png)));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_ARGB, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_ARGB)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_CMYK, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_CMYK)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_HSV, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_HSV)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_Monochrome1, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_Monochrome1)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_Monochrome2, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_Monochrome2)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_Palette, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_Palette)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_RGB, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_RGB)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRFull, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRFull)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRFull422, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRFull422)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRPartial420, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRPartial420)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRPartial422, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_YBRPartial422)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_YBR_ICT, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_YBR_ICT)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(PhotometricInterpretation_YBR_RCT, StringToPhotometricInterpretation(EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_YBR_RCT)));
+
+  ASSERT_STREQ("Unknown", EnumerationToString(PhotometricInterpretation_Unknown));
+  ASSERT_THROW(StringToPhotometricInterpretation("Unknown"), OrthancException);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(DicomVersion_2008, StringToDicomVersion(EnumerationToString(DicomVersion_2008)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DicomVersion_2017c, StringToDicomVersion(EnumerationToString(DicomVersion_2017c)));
+
+  for (int i = static_cast<int>(ValueRepresentation_ApplicationEntity);
+       i < static_cast<int>(ValueRepresentation_NotSupported); i += 1)
+  {
+    ValueRepresentation vr = static_cast<ValueRepresentation>(i);
+    ASSERT_EQ(vr, StringToValueRepresentation(EnumerationToString(vr), true));
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_THROW(StringToValueRepresentation("nope", true), OrthancException);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(JobState_Pending, StringToJobState(EnumerationToString(JobState_Pending)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(JobState_Running, StringToJobState(EnumerationToString(JobState_Running)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(JobState_Success, StringToJobState(EnumerationToString(JobState_Success)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(JobState_Failure, StringToJobState(EnumerationToString(JobState_Failure)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(JobState_Paused, StringToJobState(EnumerationToString(JobState_Paused)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(JobState_Retry, StringToJobState(EnumerationToString(JobState_Retry)));
+  ASSERT_THROW(StringToJobState("nope"), OrthancException);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Binary, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Binary)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Css, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Css)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Dicom, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Dicom)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Gif, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Gif)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Gzip, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Gzip)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Html, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Html)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_JavaScript, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_JavaScript)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Jpeg, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Jpeg)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Jpeg2000, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Jpeg2000)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Json, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Json)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_NaCl, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_NaCl)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_PNaCl, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_PNaCl)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Pam, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Pam)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Pdf, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Pdf)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_PlainText, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_PlainText)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Png, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Png)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Svg, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Svg)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_WebAssembly, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_WebAssembly)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, StringToMimeType("application/xml"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, StringToMimeType("text/xml"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_Xml, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_Xml)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_DicomWebJson, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_DicomWebJson)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(MimeType_DicomWebXml, StringToMimeType(EnumerationToString(MimeType_DicomWebXml)));
+  ASSERT_THROW(StringToMimeType("nope"), OrthancException);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Patient, ResourceType_Patient));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Patient, ResourceType_Study));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Patient, ResourceType_Series));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Patient, ResourceType_Instance));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Study, ResourceType_Patient));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Study, ResourceType_Study));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Study, ResourceType_Series));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Study, ResourceType_Instance));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Series, ResourceType_Patient));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Series, ResourceType_Study));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Series, ResourceType_Series));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Series, ResourceType_Instance));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Instance, ResourceType_Patient));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Instance, ResourceType_Study));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Instance, ResourceType_Series));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(IsResourceLevelAboveOrEqual(ResourceType_Instance, ResourceType_Instance));
+}
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#include <endian.h>
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#include <machine/endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Endianness)
+{
+  // Parts of this test come from Adam Conrad
+  // http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728822#5
+
+
+  /**
+   * Windows and OS X are assumed to always little-endian.
+   **/
+  
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)
+  ASSERT_EQ(Endianness_Little, Toolbox::DetectEndianness());
+
+  
+  /**
+   * FreeBSD.
+   **/
+  
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#  if _BYTE_ORDER == _BIG_ENDIAN
+   ASSERT_EQ(Endianness_Big, Toolbox::DetectEndianness());
+#  else // _LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   ASSERT_EQ(Endianness_Little, Toolbox::DetectEndianness());
+#  endif
+
+
+  /**
+   * Linux.
+   **/
+  
+#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
+
+#if !defined(__BYTE_ORDER)
+#  error Support your platform here
+#endif
+
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+  ASSERT_EQ(Endianness_Big, Toolbox::DetectEndianness());
+#  else // __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+  ASSERT_EQ(Endianness_Little, Toolbox::DetectEndianness());
+#  endif
+
+#else
+#error Support your platform here
+#endif
+}
+
+
+#include "../Core/Endianness.h"
+
+static void ASSERT_EQ16(uint16_t a, uint16_t b)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+  // This cast solves a linking problem with MinGW
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<unsigned int>(a), static_cast<unsigned int>(b));
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ASSERT_NE16(uint16_t a, uint16_t b)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+  // This cast solves a linking problem with MinGW
+  ASSERT_NE(static_cast<unsigned int>(a), static_cast<unsigned int>(b));
+#else
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ASSERT_EQ32(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+  // This cast solves a linking problem with MinGW
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<unsigned int>(a), static_cast<unsigned int>(b));
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ASSERT_NE32(uint32_t a, uint32_t b)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+  // This cast solves a linking problem with MinGW
+  ASSERT_NE(static_cast<unsigned int>(a), static_cast<unsigned int>(b));
+#else
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ASSERT_EQ64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+  // This cast solves a linking problem with MinGW
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<unsigned int>(a), static_cast<unsigned int>(b));
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ASSERT_NE64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+  // This cast solves a linking problem with MinGW
+  ASSERT_NE(static_cast<unsigned long long>(a), static_cast<unsigned long long>(b));
+#else
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, EndiannessConversions16)
+{
+  Endianness e = Toolbox::DetectEndianness();
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 65536; i += 17)
+  {
+    uint16_t v = static_cast<uint16_t>(i);
+    ASSERT_EQ16(v, be16toh(htobe16(v)));
+    ASSERT_EQ16(v, le16toh(htole16(v)));
+
+    const uint8_t* bytes = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&v);
+    if (bytes[0] != bytes[1])
+    {
+      ASSERT_NE16(v, le16toh(htobe16(v)));
+      ASSERT_NE16(v, be16toh(htole16(v)));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ASSERT_EQ16(v, le16toh(htobe16(v)));
+      ASSERT_EQ16(v, be16toh(htole16(v)));
+    }
+
+    switch (e)
+    {
+      case Endianness_Little:
+        ASSERT_EQ16(v, htole16(v));
+        if (bytes[0] != bytes[1])
+        {
+          ASSERT_NE16(v, htobe16(v));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          ASSERT_EQ16(v, htobe16(v));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case Endianness_Big:
+        ASSERT_EQ16(v, htobe16(v));
+        if (bytes[0] != bytes[1])
+        {
+          ASSERT_NE16(v, htole16(v));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          ASSERT_EQ16(v, htole16(v));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        throw OrthancException(ErrorCode_ParameterOutOfRange);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, EndiannessConversions32)
+{
+  const uint32_t v = 0xff010203u;
+  const uint32_t r = 0x030201ffu;
+  ASSERT_EQ32(v, be32toh(htobe32(v)));
+  ASSERT_EQ32(v, le32toh(htole32(v)));
+  ASSERT_NE32(v, be32toh(htole32(v)));
+  ASSERT_NE32(v, le32toh(htobe32(v)));
+
+  switch (Toolbox::DetectEndianness())
+  {
+    case Endianness_Little:
+      ASSERT_EQ32(r, htobe32(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ32(v, htole32(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ32(r, be32toh(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ32(v, le32toh(v));
+      break;
+
+    case Endianness_Big:
+      ASSERT_EQ32(v, htobe32(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ32(r, htole32(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ32(v, be32toh(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ32(r, le32toh(v));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      throw OrthancException(ErrorCode_ParameterOutOfRange);
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, EndiannessConversions64)
+{
+  const uint64_t v = 0xff01020304050607LL;
+  const uint64_t r = 0x07060504030201ffLL;
+  ASSERT_EQ64(v, be64toh(htobe64(v)));
+  ASSERT_EQ64(v, le64toh(htole64(v)));
+  ASSERT_NE64(v, be64toh(htole64(v)));
+  ASSERT_NE64(v, le64toh(htobe64(v)));
+
+  switch (Toolbox::DetectEndianness())
+  {
+    case Endianness_Little:
+      ASSERT_EQ64(r, htobe64(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ64(v, htole64(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ64(r, be64toh(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ64(v, le64toh(v));
+      break;
+
+    case Endianness_Big:
+      ASSERT_EQ64(v, htobe64(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ64(r, htole64(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ64(v, be64toh(v));
+      ASSERT_EQ64(r, le64toh(v));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      throw OrthancException(ErrorCode_ParameterOutOfRange);
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, Now)
+{
+  LOG(WARNING) << "Local time: " << SystemToolbox::GetNowIsoString(false);
+  LOG(WARNING) << "Universal time: " << SystemToolbox::GetNowIsoString(true);
+
+  std::string date, time;
+  SystemToolbox::GetNowDicom(date, time, false);
+  LOG(WARNING) << "Local DICOM time: [" << date << "] [" << time << "]";
+
+  SystemToolbox::GetNowDicom(date, time, true);
+  LOG(WARNING) << "Universal DICOM time: [" << date << "] [" << time << "]";
+}
+
+
+
+#if ORTHANC_ENABLE_PUGIXML == 1
+TEST(Toolbox, Xml)
+{
+  Json::Value a;
+  a["hello"] = "world";
+  a["42"] = 43;
+  a["b"] = Json::arrayValue;
+  a["b"].append("test");
+  a["b"].append("test2");
+
+  std::string s;
+  Toolbox::JsonToXml(s, a);
+
+  std::cout << s;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+TEST(Toolbox, ExecuteSystemCommand)
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> args(2);
+  args[0] = "Hello";
+  args[1] = "World";
+
+  SystemToolbox::ExecuteSystemCommand("echo", args);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, IsInteger)
+{
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsInteger("00236"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsInteger("-0042"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsInteger("0"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::IsInteger("-0"));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsInteger(""));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsInteger("42a"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::IsInteger("42-"));
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, StartsWith)
+{
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::StartsWith("hello world", ""));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::StartsWith("hello world", "hello"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::StartsWith("hello world", "h"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::StartsWith("hello world", "H"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::StartsWith("h", "hello"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::StartsWith("h", "h"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::StartsWith("", "h"));
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, UriEncode)
+{
+  std::string s;
+
+  // Unreserved characters must not be modified
+  std::string t = "aAzZ09.-~_";
+  Toolbox::UriEncode(s, t); 
+  ASSERT_EQ(t, s);
+
+  Toolbox::UriEncode(s, "!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@[]"); ASSERT_EQ("%21%23%24%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D", s);  
+  Toolbox::UriEncode(s, "%"); ASSERT_EQ("%25", s);
+
+  // Encode characters from UTF-8. This is the test string from the
+  // file "../Resources/EncodingTests.py"
+  Toolbox::UriEncode(s, "\x54\x65\x73\x74\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa4\xc3\xb6\xc3\xb2\xd0\x94\xce\x98\xc4\x9d\xd7\x93\xd8\xb5\xc4\xb7\xd1\x9b\xe0\xb9\x9b\xef\xbe\x88\xc4\xb0"); 
+  ASSERT_EQ("Test%C3%A9%C3%A4%C3%B6%C3%B2%D0%94%CE%98%C4%9D%D7%93%D8%B5%C4%B7%D1%9B%E0%B9%9B%EF%BE%88%C4%B0", s);
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, AccessJson)
+{
+  Json::Value v = Json::arrayValue;
+  ASSERT_EQ("nope", Toolbox::GetJsonStringField(v, "hello", "nope"));
+
+  v = Json::objectValue;
+  ASSERT_EQ("nope", Toolbox::GetJsonStringField(v, "hello", "nope"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(-10, Toolbox::GetJsonIntegerField(v, "hello", -10));
+  ASSERT_EQ(10u, Toolbox::GetJsonUnsignedIntegerField(v, "hello", 10));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(Toolbox::GetJsonBooleanField(v, "hello", true));
+
+  v["hello"] = "world";
+  ASSERT_EQ("world", Toolbox::GetJsonStringField(v, "hello", "nope"));
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonIntegerField(v, "hello", -10), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonUnsignedIntegerField(v, "hello", 10), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonBooleanField(v, "hello", true), OrthancException);
+
+  v["hello"] = -42;
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonStringField(v, "hello", "nope"), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_EQ(-42, Toolbox::GetJsonIntegerField(v, "hello", -10));
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonUnsignedIntegerField(v, "hello", 10), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonBooleanField(v, "hello", true), OrthancException);
+
+  v["hello"] = 42;
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonStringField(v, "hello", "nope"), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_EQ(42, Toolbox::GetJsonIntegerField(v, "hello", -10));
+  ASSERT_EQ(42u, Toolbox::GetJsonUnsignedIntegerField(v, "hello", 10));
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonBooleanField(v, "hello", true), OrthancException);
+
+  v["hello"] = false;
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonStringField(v, "hello", "nope"), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonIntegerField(v, "hello", -10), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_THROW(Toolbox::GetJsonUnsignedIntegerField(v, "hello", 10), OrthancException);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Toolbox::GetJsonBooleanField(v, "hello", true));
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, LinesIterator)
+{
+  std::string s;
+
+  {
+    std::string content;
+    Toolbox::LinesIterator it(content);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s));
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::string content = "\n\r";
+    Toolbox::LinesIterator it(content);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s));
+  }
+  
+  {
+    std::string content = "\n Hello \n\nWorld\n\n";
+    Toolbox::LinesIterator it(content);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ(" Hello ", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("World", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s));
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::string content = "\r Hello \r\rWorld\r\r";
+    Toolbox::LinesIterator it(content);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ(" Hello ", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("World", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s));
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::string content = "\n\r Hello \n\r\n\rWorld\n\r\n\r";
+    Toolbox::LinesIterator it(content);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ(" Hello ", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("World", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s));
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::string content = "\r\n Hello \r\n\r\nWorld\r\n\r\n";
+    Toolbox::LinesIterator it(content);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ(" Hello ", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("World", s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next(); ASSERT_EQ("", s);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s)); it.Next();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(it.GetLine(s));
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Toolbox, SubstituteVariables)
+{
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> env;
+  env["NOPE"] = "nope";
+  env["WORLD"] = "world";
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("Hello world\r\nWorld \r\nDone world\r\n",
+            Toolbox::SubstituteVariables(
+              "Hello ${WORLD}\r\nWorld ${HELLO}\r\nDone ${WORLD}\r\n",
+              env));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("world A a B world C 'c' D {\"a\":\"b\"} E ",
+            Toolbox::SubstituteVariables(
+              "${WORLD} A ${WORLD2:-a} B ${WORLD:-b} C ${WORLD2:-\"'c'\"} D ${WORLD2:-'{\"a\":\"b\"}'} E ${WORLD2:-}",
+              env));
+  
+  SystemToolbox::GetEnvironmentVariables(env);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(env.find("NOPE") == env.end());
+
+  // The "PATH" environment variable should always be available on
+  // machines running the unit tests
+  ASSERT_TRUE(env.find("PATH") != env.end() /* Case used by UNIX */ ||
+              env.find("Path") != env.end() /* Case used by Windows */);
+
+  env["PATH"] = "hello";
+  ASSERT_EQ("AhelloB",
+            Toolbox::SubstituteVariables("A${PATH}B", env));
+}
+
+
+TEST(MetricsRegistry, Basic)
+{
+  {
+    MetricsRegistry m;
+    m.SetEnabled(false);
+    m.SetValue("hello.world", 42.5f);
+    
+    std::string s;
+    m.ExportPrometheusText(s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(s.empty());
+  }
+
+  {
+    MetricsRegistry m;
+    m.Register("hello.world", MetricsType_Default);
+    
+    std::string s;
+    m.ExportPrometheusText(s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(s.empty());
+  }
+
+  {
+    MetricsRegistry m;
+    m.SetValue("hello.world", 42.5f);
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_Default, m.GetMetricsType("hello.world"));
+    ASSERT_THROW(m.GetMetricsType("nope"), OrthancException);
+    
+    std::string s;
+    m.ExportPrometheusText(s);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> t;
+    Toolbox::TokenizeString(t, s, '\n');
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, t.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ("hello.world 42.5 ", t[0].substr(0, 17));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(t[1].empty());
+  }
+
+  {
+    MetricsRegistry m;
+    m.Register("hello.max", MetricsType_MaxOver10Seconds);
+    m.SetValue("hello.max", 10);
+    m.SetValue("hello.max", 20);
+    m.SetValue("hello.max", -10);
+    m.SetValue("hello.max", 5);
+
+    m.Register("hello.min", MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds);
+    m.SetValue("hello.min", 10);
+    m.SetValue("hello.min", 20);
+    m.SetValue("hello.min", -10);
+    m.SetValue("hello.min", 5);
+    
+    m.Register("hello.default", MetricsType_Default);
+    m.SetValue("hello.default", 10);
+    m.SetValue("hello.default", 20);
+    m.SetValue("hello.default", -10);
+    m.SetValue("hello.default", 5);
+    
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_MaxOver10Seconds, m.GetMetricsType("hello.max"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds, m.GetMetricsType("hello.min"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_Default, m.GetMetricsType("hello.default"));
+
+    std::string s;
+    m.ExportPrometheusText(s);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> t;
+    Toolbox::TokenizeString(t, s, '\n');
+    ASSERT_EQ(4u, t.size());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(t[3].empty());
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> u;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < t.size() - 1; i++)
+    {
+      std::vector<std::string> v;
+      Toolbox::TokenizeString(v, t[i], ' ');
+      u[v[0]] = v[1];
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ("20", u["hello.max"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ("-10", u["hello.min"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ("5", u["hello.default"]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    MetricsRegistry m;
+
+    m.SetValue("a", 10);
+    m.SetValue("b", 10, MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds);
+
+    m.Register("c", MetricsType_MaxOver10Seconds);
+    m.SetValue("c", 10, MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds);
+
+    m.Register("d", MetricsType_MaxOver10Seconds);
+    m.Register("d", MetricsType_Default);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_Default, m.GetMetricsType("a"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds, m.GetMetricsType("b"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_MaxOver10Seconds, m.GetMetricsType("c"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_Default, m.GetMetricsType("d"));
+  }
+
+  {
+    MetricsRegistry m;
+
+    {
+      MetricsRegistry::Timer t1(m, "a");
+      MetricsRegistry::Timer t2(m, "b", MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds);
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_MaxOver10Seconds, m.GetMetricsType("a"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(MetricsType_MinOver10Seconds, m.GetMetricsType("b"));
+  }
+}