Mercurial > hg > orthanc-book
annotate Sphinx/source/faq/features.rst @ 946:d7f03f325544
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author | Alain Mazy <am@osimis.io> |
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date | Mon, 22 May 2023 18:01:31 +0200 |
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0 | 1 Terminology of advanced features |
2 ================================ | |
3 | |
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4 .. contents:: |
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5 :depth: 3 |
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6 |
0 | 7 .. _peers: |
8 | |
9 Peers | |
10 ----- | |
11 | |
12 An "Orthanc peer" is another instance of Orthanc, possibly running on | |
13 a remote computer. | |
14 | |
15 Contrarily to a "modality", it is possible to communicate with a peer | |
16 through the **HTTP/HTTPS protocol** (i.e. through the REST API of | |
17 Orthanc), and not through the DICOM protocol. This implies a much | |
18 easier configuration: It is only required to know the URL, the | |
19 username and the password to communicate with an Orthanc peer. This | |
20 contrasts with DICOM query/retrieve, that is quite complex and that | |
21 involves a lot of pitfalls (cf. the FAQ entry about :ref:`troubleshooting | |
22 DICOM communications <dicom>`) that can be bypassed if using HTTP. | |
23 | |
24 Furthermore, as HTTP(S) communications are generally not blocked by | |
25 firewalls (contrarily to the DICOM protocol that is inherently an | |
26 Intranet protocol and that often requires the setup of VPN tunnels), | |
27 it is much easier to setup communications of medical images through | |
218 | 28 the Internet with :ref:`Orthanc peers <peering>`. |
0 | 29 |
30 | |
31 .. _recycling: | |
32 | |
33 Recycling/Protection | |
34 -------------------- | |
35 | |
36 Because of its focus on low-end computers, Orthanc implements **disk | |
37 space recycling**: The patient that has been stored for the longest | |
38 time inside Orthanc can be automatically deleted when the disk space | |
39 used by Orthanc grows above a threshold, or when the number of stored | |
40 patients grows above a threshold. This feature enables the automated | |
278 | 41 control of the disk space dedicated to Orthanc. Note that each time |
42 a new instance is received for an existing patient, the patient will | |
43 be marked as the most recent one in the recycling order. | |
0 | 44 |
45 Recycling is controlled by the ``MaximumStorageSize`` and the | |
46 ``MaximumPatientCount`` options in the :ref:`Orthanc configuration | |
106 | 47 file <configuration>`. Setting both these values to 0 will disable |
48 recycling. | |
0 | 49 |
50 It is possible to prevent important data from being automatically | |
51 recycled. This mechanism is called **protection**. Each patient can be | |
52 individually protected against recycling by using the | |
53 ``Unprotected/Protected`` switch that is available from Orthanc | |
54 Explorer. | |
55 | |
56 Note that protection is only available at the patient level. It | |
57 protects all the studies/series/instances of the patient against | |
58 recycling. The rationale is that we think it is important to keep | |
59 available all the data related to one patient. Unwillingly losing a | |
60 study/series that is part of the same patient might lead to a loss in | |
61 consistency with respect to the medical history of this patient. | |
62 | |
871 | 63 Starting with version 1.11.2, Orthanc also implements another **rejection** |
64 behaviour when the ``MaximumStorageSize`` or ``MaximumPatientCount`` is | |
65 reached. In this case, patients are not recycled but Orthanc rejects new incoming | |
66 data. Check the ``MaximumStorageMode`` option in the :ref:`Orthanc configuration | |
67 file <configuration>`. | |
68 | |
0 | 69 .. _compression: |
70 | |
71 Compression | |
72 ----------- | |
73 | |
74 If your disk space is limited, besides :ref:`recycling`, you should | |
75 also consider using **disk space compression**. When compression is | |
76 enabled, Orthanc compresses the incoming DICOM instances on-the-fly | |
77 before writing them to the filesystem, using `zlib | |
25 | 78 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlib>`_. This is useful, because the |
0 | 79 images are often stored as raw, uncompressed arrays in DICOM |
80 instances: The size of a typical DICOM instance can hopefully be | |
81 divided by a factor 2 through lossless compression. This compression | |
82 process is transparent to the user, as Orthanc automatically | |
83 decompresses the file before sending it back to the external world. | |
84 | |
85 Compression is controlled by the ``StorageCompression`` option in the | |
86 :ref:`Orthanc configuration file <configuration>`. | |
78 | 87 |
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88 Note that the Orthanc distribution comes with the |
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89 ``OrthancRecoverCompressedFile`` command-line tool if a system |
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90 administrator needs to recover one attachment compressed by Orthanc. |
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91 |
78 | 92 |
93 .. _metadata: | |
94 | |
92 | 95 Metadata & attachments |
96 ---------------------- | |
78 | 97 |
98 Metadata consists in an **associative key-value array** (mapping a | |
99 integer key in the range [0,65535] to a string value) that is | |
100 associated with each :ref:`DICOM resource <orthanc-ids>` stored inside | |
101 Orthanc (may it be a patient, a study, a series or a DICOM | |
102 instance). Metadata can be either referred to using the integer key, | |
103 or using a symbolic name (if configured). Metadata records | |
104 information that is not readily available in the DICOM tags. | |
105 | |
106 In spirit, the metadata mechanism is similar to the :ref:`attachment | |
107 mechanism <orthanc-storage>`. However, metadata is stored directly | |
108 inside the database, whereas attachments are stored as separate files | |
109 on the filesystem (the database only stores a reference to the | |
632
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110 attachments). Choosing between metadata and attachments is most often |
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111 a matter of trade-off: Metadata must be kept small (as a rule of |
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112 thumb, under 1KB) and used if fast access is needed, whereas |
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113 attachments can be used to store arbitrarily large piece of data. |
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114 |
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115 However, pay attention to the fact that metadata must be UTF-8 strings |
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116 terminated by the ``\0`` character. If you need to store arbitrary |
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117 binary objects, use an attachment or use `Base64 encoding |
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118 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64>`__. |
78 | 119 |
79 | 120 Also note that metadata and attachments are only available for |
121 resources stored inside Orthanc. Once one DICOM instance leaves the | |
122 Orthanc ecosystem, its associated metadata and attachments are lost. | |
123 | |
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124 .. _metadata-core: |
78 | 125 |
126 Core metadata | |
127 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
128 | |
129 Here are the main metadata handled by the Orthanc core: | |
130 | |
131 * ``ReceptionDate`` records when a DICOM instance was received by | |
132 Orthanc. Similarly, ``LastUpdate`` records, for each | |
133 patient/study/series, the last time a DICOM instance was added to | |
946 | 134 this resource. Starting with Orthanc 1.12.1, ``LastUpdate`` is also |
135 updated when a child resource is deleted. | |
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136 * ``RemoteAET`` records the AET of the modality that has sent some |
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137 DICOM instance to Orthanc using the DICOM protocol. |
78 | 138 * ``ModifiedFrom`` and ``AnonymizedFrom`` hold from which original |
139 resource, a resource was modified or anonymized. The presence of | |
140 this metadata indicates that the resource is the result of a | |
141 modification or anonymization that was carried on by Orthanc. | |
142 * ``Origin`` records through which mechanism the instance was received | |
143 by Orthanc (may be ``Unknown``, ``DicomProtocol``, ``RestApi``, | |
144 ``Plugins``, or ``Lua``). | |
145 * ``IndexInSeries`` records the expected index of a DICOM instance | |
146 inside its parent series. Conversely, ``ExpectedNumberOfInstances`` | |
147 associates to each series, the number of DICOM instances this series | |
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148 is expected to contain. This information is :ref:`not always |
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149 available <series-completion>`. |
78 | 150 * Starting with Orthanc 1.2.0, ``TransferSyntax`` and ``SopClassUid`` |
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151 respectively stores the `transfer syntax UID |
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152 <http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/html/part05.html#chapter_10>`__ |
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153 and the `SOP class UID |
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154 <http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part02/sect_A.1.html>`__ |
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155 of DICOM instances, in order to speed up the access to this |
78 | 156 information. |
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157 * ``RemoteIP`` (new in Orthanc 1.4.0): The IP address of the remote |
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158 SCU (for REST API and DICOM protocol). |
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159 * ``CalledAET`` (new in Orthanc 1.4.0): The AET that was called by the |
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160 SCU, which normally matches the AET of Orthanc (for DICOM protocol). |
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161 * ``HttpUsername`` (new in Orthanc 1.4.0): The username that created |
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162 the instance (for REST API). |
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163 * ``PixelDataOffset`` (new in Orthanc 1.9.1): Offset (in bytes) of the |
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164 Pixel Data DICOM tag in the DICOM file, if available. |
839 | 165 * ``MainDicomTagsSignature`` (new in Orthanc 1.11.0): |
838 | 166 The list of :ref:`MainDicomTags <main-dicom-tags>` that have been |
167 saved in DB for this resource. | |
78 | 168 |
169 Metadata listed above are set privately by the Orthanc core. They are | |
170 **read-only** from the perspective of the end user, as Orthanc | |
171 internally relies on them. | |
172 | |
173 | |
174 User-defined metadata | |
175 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
176 | |
177 The metadata described above where handled by the core of Orthanc. | |
178 Orthanc users are however allowed to define their own **user-defined | |
179 metadata**. Such metadata are associated with an integer key that is | |
180 greater or equal to 1024 (whereas keys below 1023 are reserved for | |
181 core metadata). | |
182 | |
183 You can associate a symbolic name to user-defined metadata using the | |
184 ``UserMetadata`` option inside the :ref:`configuration of Orthanc | |
92 | 185 <configuration>`:: |
186 | |
187 "UserMetadata" : { | |
188 "SampleMetaData1" : 1024, | |
189 "SampleMetaData2" : 1025 | |
190 } | |
78 | 191 |
192 | |
193 Accessing metadata | |
194 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
195 | |
196 .. highlight:: bash | |
197 | |
198 Metadata associated with one DICOM resource can be accessed through | |
80 | 199 the :ref:`REST API <rest>`, for instance:: |
78 | 200 |
201 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/metadata | |
838 | 202 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/metadata?expand |
78 | 203 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/metadata/RemoteAet |
92 | 204 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/metadata/SampleMetaData1 |
78 | 205 |
206 User-defined metadata can be modified by issuing a HTTP PUT against | |
207 the REST API:: | |
208 | |
209 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/metadata/1024 -X PUT -d 'hello' | |
210 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/metadata/1024 | |
211 hello | |
212 | |
213 | |
214 | |
92 | 215 .. _attachments: |
216 | |
217 User-defined attachments | |
218 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
219 | |
220 Orthanc users are allowed to define their own **user-defined attachments**. | |
221 Such attachments are associated with an integer key that is | |
222 greater or equal to 1024 (whereas keys below 1023 are reserved for | |
223 core attachments). | |
224 | |
225 You can associate a symbolic name to user-defined attachments using the | |
226 ``UserContentType`` option inside the :ref:`configuration of Orthanc | |
227 <configuration>`. Optionally, the user may specify a MIME content type | |
228 for the attachment:: | |
229 | |
230 "UserContentType" : { | |
231 "samplePdf" : [1024, "application/pdf"], | |
232 "sampleJson" : [1025, "application/json"], | |
233 "sampleRaw" : 1026 | |
234 } | |
235 | |
236 Accessing attachments | |
237 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
238 | |
239 .. highlight:: bash | |
240 | |
241 Attachments associated with one DICOM resource can be accessed through | |
242 the :ref:`REST API <rest>`, for instance:: | |
243 | |
244 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/attachments/samplePdf/data | |
245 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/attachments/sampleJson/data | |
246 | |
247 User-defined attachments can be modified by issuing a HTTP PUT against | |
248 the REST API:: | |
249 | |
250 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/attachments/samplePdf -X PUT --data-binary @sample.pdf | |
251 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/cb855110-5f4da420-ec9dc9cb-2af6a9bb-dcbd180e/attachments/sampleRaw -X PUT -d 'raw data' | |
660 | 252 |
253 | |
254 DICOM-as-JSON attachments | |
255 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | |
256 | |
257 In the version of Orthanc <= 1.9.0, whenever Orthanc receives a DICOM | |
258 file, it pre-computes a JSON summary of its DICOM tags, and caches | |
259 this JSON file as an attachment to the DICOM instance (accessible at | |
260 the ``/instances/{...}/attachments/dicom-as-json/`` URI). This | |
261 attachment is used as a cache to seep up future accesses to | |
262 ``/instances/.../tags``, lookups using ``/tools/find`` or C-FIND | |
263 queries. | |
264 | |
265 This caching might cause issues if the dictionary of DICOM tags is | |
266 subsequently modified, which implies that the cached JSON file does | |
267 not perfectly match the new dictionary. | |
268 | |
269 .. highlight:: bash | |
270 | |
271 Since Orthanc 1.2.0, you can force the re-generation of the cached | |
272 JSON file by DELETE-ing it, for instance:: | |
273 | |
274 $ curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8042/instances/301896f2-1416807b-3e05dcce-ff4ce9bb-a6138832/attachments/dicom-as-json | |
275 | |
276 .. highlight:: text | |
277 | |
278 The next time you open this particular instance with Orthanc Explorer, | |
279 you will see messages in the Orthanc logs (in verbose mode) stating | |
280 that the Orthanc server has reconstructed the JSON summary, which will | |
281 match the new content of the dictionary:: | |
282 | |
283 I0222 08:56:00.923070 FilesystemStorage.cpp:155] Reading attachment "2309c47b-1cbd-4601-89b5-1be1ad80382c" of "DICOM" content type | |
284 I0222 08:56:00.923394 ServerContext.cpp:401] Reconstructing the missing DICOM-as-JSON summary for instance: 301896f2-1416807b-3e05dcce-ff4ce9bb-a6138832 | |
285 I0222 08:56:00.929117 ServerContext.cpp:540] Adding attachment dicom-as-json to resource 301896f2-1416807b-3e05dcce-ff4ce9bb-a6138832 | |
286 I0222 08:56:00.929425 FilesystemStorage.cpp:118] Creating attachment "3c830b66-8a00-42f0-aa3a-5e37b4a8b5a4" of "JSON summary of DICOM" type (size: 1MB) | |
287 | |
288 These DICOM-as-JSON attachments are not automatically generated | |
289 anymore starting with Orthanc 1.9.1. | |
290 | |
92 | 291 |
78 | 292 .. _registry: |
293 | |
294 Central registry of metadata and attachments | |
295 -------------------------------------------- | |
296 | |
297 Obviously, one must pay attention to the fact that different | |
298 applications might use the same key to store different user-defined | |
299 :ref:`metadata <metadata>`, which might result in incompatibilities | |
300 between such applications. Similarly, incompatibilities might show up | |
301 for user-defined :ref:`attachments <orthanc-storage>`. | |
302 | |
601
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303 Developers of applications/plugins that use user-defined metadata, |
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304 attachments or global properties (using |
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305 ``OrthancPluginSetGlobalProperty()``) are therefore kindly invited to |
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306 complete the **central registry** below: |
78 | 307 |
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308 * ``Attachment 1`` is used by the core of Orthanc to store the DICOM |
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309 file associated with one instance. |
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310 * ``Attachment 2`` was used by Orthanc <= 1.9.0 to cache the so-called |
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311 ``DICOM-as-JSON`` information (as returned by the |
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312 ``/instances/.../tags`` URI in the :ref:`REST API <rest>`) in order |
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313 to speed up subsequent requests to the same URI. This attachment is |
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314 not automatically generated anymore starting with Orthanc 1.9.1, in |
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315 order to improve performance (creating two files for each DICOM |
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316 instance has a cost) and consistency (if the DICOM dictionary gets |
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317 modified in the future). |
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318 * ``Attachment 3`` is used since Orthanc 1.9.1 to store the DICOM |
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319 instance until the ``Pixel Data (7fe0,0010)`` tag, if the global |
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320 configuration option ``StorageCompression`` is ``true``, or if the |
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321 storage area plugin doesn't support range reads. This allows to |
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322 avoid downloading the full DICOM instance if not necessary. |
359 | 323 * ``Attachment 9997`` is used by the :ref:`Osimis WebViewer plugin <osimis_webviewer>` to store series information. |
324 * ``Attachment 9998`` is used by the :ref:`Osimis WebViewer plugin <osimis_webviewer>` to store instance information. | |
325 * ``Attachment 9999`` is used by the :ref:`Osimis WebViewer plugin <osimis_webviewer>` to store annotations. | |
326 * ``Attachments 10000-13999`` are used by the :ref:`Osimis WebViewer plugin <osimis_webviewer>` to store reduced quality images. | |
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327 * ``Global property 1025`` is used by default by the Housekeeper plugin. |
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328 * ``Global property 5467`` is used by the Osimis Cloud plugin. |
602
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329 * ``Global property 5468`` is used by the :ref:`DICOMweb plugin <dicomweb>` to store the DICOMweb servers into the Orthanc database. |
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330 * ``Metadata 4200`` is used by the plugin for :ref:`whole-slide imaging <wsi>` with version <= 0.7. |
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331 * ``Metadata 4201`` is used by the plugin for :ref:`whole-slide imaging <wsi>` with version >= 1.0. |
224
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332 |
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333 |
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334 Jobs |
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335 ---- |
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336 |
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337 Check out the :ref:`advanced features of the REST API <jobs>`. |
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338 |
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339 |
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340 |
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341 .. _stable-resources: |
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342 |
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343 Stable resources |
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344 ---------------- |
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345 |
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346 A DICOM resource (patient, study or series) is referred to as |
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347 **stable** if it has not received any new instance for a certain |
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348 amount of time. |
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349 |
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350 This amount of time is configured by the the option ``StableAge`` in |
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351 the :ref:`configuration file <configuration>`. |
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352 |
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353 When some resource becomes stable, an event is generated as a log |
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354 entry in the ``/changes`` :ref:`URI in the REST API <changes>`, a |
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355 :ref:`Lua callback <lua-callbacks>` is invoked, the callback function |
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356 registered by ``OrthancPluginRegisterOnChangeCallback()`` in |
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357 :ref:`C/C++ plugins <creating-plugins>` is executed, as well as the |
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358 :ref:`Python callback <python-changes>` registered by |
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359 ``orthanc.RegisterOnChangeCallback()``. |
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360 |
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361 The ``IsStable`` field is also available to get the status of an |
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362 individual patient/study/series using the REST API of Orthanc. |
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363 |
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364 In the multiple readers/writers scenario enabled since Orthanc 1.9.2, |
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365 each Orthanc server is considered separately: The "stable" information |
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366 is monitored by threads inside the Orthanc process, and is **not** |
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367 shared in the database. In other words, the "stable" information is |
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368 local to the Orthanc server that is queried. Synchronization between |
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369 multiple readers/writers must be implemented at a higher level |
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370 (e.g. using a distributed `message-broker system |
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371 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_broker>`__ such as RabbitMQ |
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372 that is fed by an Orthanc plugin). |
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373 |
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374 |
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375 .. _revisions: |
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376 |
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377 Revisions |
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378 --------- |
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379 |
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380 .. highlight:: bash |
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381 |
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382 Higher-level applications built on the top of Orthanc might have to |
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383 modify metadata and/or attachments. This can cause concurrency |
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384 problems if multiple clients modify the same metadata/attachment |
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385 simultaneously. To avoid such problems, Orthanc implements a so-called |
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386 **revision mechanism** to protect from concurrent modifications. |
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387 |
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388 The revision mechanism is optional, was introduced in **Orthanc |
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389 1.9.2** and must be enabled by setting :ref:`configuration option |
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390 <configuration>` ``CheckRevisions`` to ``true``. It is strongly |
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391 inspired by the `CouchDB API |
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392 <https://docs.couchdb.org/en/stable/api/document/common.html>`__. |
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393 |
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394 When the revision mechanism is enabled, each metadata and attachment |
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395 is associated with a **revision number**. Whenever one sets a metadata |
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396 for the first time using a ``PUT`` query, this revision number can be |
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397 found in the HTTP header ``ETag`` that is reported by Orthanc:: |
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398 |
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399 $ curl -v http://localhost:8042/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/metadata/1024 -X PUT -d 'Hello' |
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400 [...] |
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401 < ETag: "0" |
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402 |
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403 Any ``GET`` query will also return the current value of ``ETag``:: |
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404 |
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405 $ curl -v http://localhost:8042/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/metadata/1024 |
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406 [...] |
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407 < ETag: "0" |
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408 |
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409 If one needs to subsequently modify or delete this metadata, the HTTP |
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410 client must set this value of ``ETag`` into the ``If-Match`` HTTP |
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411 header:: |
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412 |
645 | 413 $ curl -v http://localhost:8042/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/metadata/1024 -X PUT -d 'Hello 2' -H 'If-Match: "0"' |
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414 [...] |
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415 < ETag: "1" |
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416 |
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417 Note how this second call has incremented the value of ``ETag``: This |
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418 is the new revision number to be used in future updates. If a bad |
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419 revision number is provided, the HTTP error ``409 Conflict`` is |
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420 generated:: |
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421 |
645 | 422 $ curl -v http://localhost:8042/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/metadata/1024 -X PUT -d 'Hello 3' -H 'If-Match: "0"' |
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423 [...] |
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424 < HTTP/1.1 409 Conflict |
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425 |
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426 Such a ``409`` error must be handled by the higher-level |
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427 application. The revision number must similarly be given if deleting a |
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428 metadata/attachment:: |
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429 |
645 | 430 $ curl -v http://localhost:8042/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/metadata/1024 -X DELETE -H 'If-Match: "1"' |
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431 [...] |
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432 < HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
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433 |
645 | 434 Check out the `OpenAPI reference <https://api.orthanc-server.com/>`__ |
435 of the REST API of Orthanc for more information. | |
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436 |
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437 **Warning:** The database index back-end must implement support for |
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438 revisions. As of writing, only the **PostgreSQL plugins** in versions |
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439 above 4.0 and the **ODBC plugins** implement support for revisions. |
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440 |
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441 |
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442 Synchronous vs. asynchronous C-MOVE SCP |
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443 --------------------------------------- |
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444 |
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445 The :ref:`C-MOVE SCP <dicom-move>` of Orthanc (i.e. the component of |
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446 the Orthanc server that is responsible for routing DICOM instances |
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447 from Orthanc to other modalities) can be configured to run either in |
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448 synchronous or in asynchronous mode, depending on the value of the |
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449 ``SynchronousCMove`` :ref:`configuration option <configuration>`: |
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450 |
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451 * In **synchronous mode** (if ``SynchronousCMove`` is ``true``), |
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452 Orthanc will interleave its C-STORE SCU commands with the C-MOVE |
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453 instructions received from the remote modality. In other words, |
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454 Orthanc immediately sends the DICOM instances while it handles the |
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455 C-MOVE command from the remote modality. This mode is for |
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456 compatibility with simple DICOM client software that considers that |
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457 when its C-MOVE SCU is over, it should have received all the |
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458 instructed DICOM instances. This is the default behavior of Orthanc. |
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459 |
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460 * In **asynchronous mode** (if ``SynchronousCMove`` is ``false``), |
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461 Orthanc will queue the C-MOVE instructions and :ref:`creates a job |
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462 <jobs-synchronicity>` that will issue the C-STORE SCU commands |
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463 afterward. This behavior is typically encountered in hospital-wide |
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464 PACS systems, but requires the client software to be more complex as |
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465 it must be handle the delay between its C-MOVE queries and the |
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466 actual reception of the DICOM instances through C-STORE. |
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467 |
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468 As a consequence, by setting ``SynchronousCMove`` to ``true``, Orthanc |
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469 can be used as a buffer that enables communications between a simple |
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470 C-MOVE client and a hospital-wide PACS. This can be interesting to |
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471 introduce compatibility with specialized image processing |
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472 applications. |
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473 |
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474 |
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475 .. _labels: |
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476 |
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477 Labels |
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478 ------ |
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479 |
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480 .. highlight:: text |
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481 |
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482 Orthanc 1.12.0 introduces the concept of **labels**. A label is a |
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483 string that can be attached to any DICOM resource (i.e. patients, |
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484 studies, series, or instances). In contrast with :ref:`metadata |
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485 <metadata>`, labels are not associated with a value, however labels |
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486 are **indexed in the Orthanc database** for efficient lookups. |
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487 |
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488 Labels can notably be used as the building block to implement |
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489 **multi-tenancy**, which means that a single database could be shared |
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490 between different tenants that are distinguished by different labels. |
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491 This idea is illustrated by the :ref:`multitenant DICOM server |
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492 <multitenant-dicom>` sample plugin. A similar approach could be used |
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493 to implement Web interfaces that restrict the resources that are |
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494 accessible to some users by assigning labels to users. Labels are also |
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495 useful in **machine learning** (or deep learning) workflows to |
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496 separate DICOM resources belonging to the training set or to the |
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497 testing set. |
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498 |
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499 The labels attached to one given DICOM resource can be read through |
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500 the REST API:: |
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501 |
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502 $ curl http://localhost:8042/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/labels |
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503 $ curl http://localhost:8042/series/3774320f-ccda46d8-69ee8641-9e791cbf-3ecbbcc6/labels |
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504 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies/66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e/labels |
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505 $ curl http://localhost:8042/patients/ef9d77db-eb3b2bef-9b31fd3e-bf42ae46-dbdb0cc3/labels |
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506 |
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507 A label can be added to one DICOM resource using the PUT HTTP method, |
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508 and can be removed using the DELETE HTTP method:: |
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509 |
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510 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies/66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e/labels |
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511 [] |
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512 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies/66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e/labels/hello -X PUT -d '' |
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513 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies/66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e/labels |
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514 [ "hello" ] |
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515 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies/66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e/labels/hello -X DELETE |
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516 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies/66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e/labels |
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517 [] |
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518 |
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519 The built-in :ref:`Orthanc Explorer <orthanc-explorer>` Web interface |
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520 can be used to display, add, and remove labels. |
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521 |
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522 Once labels are set, the ``/tools/find`` :ref:`route of the REST API |
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523 <rest-find>` of Orthanc can be used to efficiently look for the DICOM |
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524 resources that are associated with given labels. This is done by |
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525 providing the set of labels of interest in the ``Labels`` field, as |
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526 illustrated in the following request:: |
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527 |
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528 $ curl --request POST --url http://localhost:8042/tools/find \ |
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529 --data '{ |
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530 "Level" : "Study", |
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531 "Labels" : [ "hello" ], |
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532 "LabelsConstraint" : "All", |
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533 "Query" : { } |
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534 }' |
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535 |
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536 The ``LabelsConstraint`` field can be used to control the request over |
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537 the labels. Its value can be ``All`` (to return the resources that are |
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538 associated with all the labels provided in the ``Labels`` field at |
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539 once), ``Any`` (to return the resources that are associated with at |
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540 least one of the labels provided in the ``Labels`` field), or ``None`` |
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541 (to return the resources that are associated with none of the labels |
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542 provided in the ``Labels`` field). If not provided, |
937 | 543 ``LabelsConstraint`` defaults to ``All``. Note that if there is only |
544 one label in the ``Labels`` field, both ``Any`` and ``All`` have the | |
545 same behavior. | |
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546 |
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547 |
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548 **Warning:** The database index back-end must implement support for |
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549 labels. As of writing, only the **PostgreSQL plugins** in versions |
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550 above 5.0 and the **MySQL plugins** in version above 5.0 implement |
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551 support for labels. |