annotate Sphinx/source/plugins/object-storage.rst @ 499:d255e02eb89d

updated object-storage doc for 1.0.0
author Alain Mazy <alain@mazy.be>
date Tue, 01 Sep 2020 18:08:45 +0200
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1 .. _object-storage:
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2
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3
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4 Cloud Object Storage plugins
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5 ============================
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6
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7 .. contents::
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8
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9 Release notes
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10 -------------
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11
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12 Release notes are available `here
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13 <https://hg.orthanc-server.com/orthanc-object-storage/file/default/NEWS>`__
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14
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15 Introduction
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16 ------------
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17
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18 Osimis freely provides the `source code
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19 <https://hg.orthanc-server.com/orthanc-object-storage/file/default/>`__ of 3 plugins
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20 to store the Orthanc files in `Object Storage <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storage>`__
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21 at the 3 main providers: `AWS <https://aws.amazon.com/s3/>`__,
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22 `Azure <https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/blobs/>`__ &
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23 `Google Cloud <https://cloud.google.com/storage>`__
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24
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25 Storing Orthanc files in object storage and your index SQL in a
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26 managed database allows you to have a stateless Orthanc that does
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27 not store any data in its local file system which is highly recommended
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28 when deploying an application in the cloud.
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29
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30
459
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31 Pre-compiled binaries
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32 ---------------------
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33
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34 These plugins are used to interface Orthanc with commercial and
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35 proprietary cloud services that you accept to pay. As a consequence,
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36 the Orthanc project doesn't freely provide pre-compiled binaries for
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37 Docker, Windows, Linux or OS X. These pre-compiled binaries do exist,
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38 but are reserved to the companies who have subscribed to a
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39 `professional support contract
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40 <https://www.osimis.io/en/services.html#cloud-plugins>`__ by
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41 Osimis. Although you are obviously free to compile these plugins by
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42 yourself (instructions are given below), purchasing such support
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43 contracts makes the Orthanc project sustainable in the long term, to
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44 the benefit of the worldwide community of medical imaging.
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45
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46
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47 Compilation
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48 -----------
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49
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50 .. highlight:: text
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51
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52 The procedure to compile the plugins is quite similar of that for the
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53 :ref:`core of Orthanc <compiling>` although they usually require
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54 some prerequisites. The documented procedure has been tested only
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55 on a Debian Buster machine.
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56
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57 The compilation of each plugin produces a shared library that contains
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58 the plugin.
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59
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60
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61 AWS S3 plugin
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62 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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63
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64 Prerequisites: Compile the AWS C++ SDK::
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65
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66 $ mkdir ~/aws
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67 $ cd ~/aws
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68 $ git clone https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-cpp.git
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69 $
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70 $ mkdir -p ~/aws/builds/aws-sdk-cpp
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71 $ cd ~/aws/builds/aws-sdk-cpp
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72 $ cmake -DBUILD_ONLY="s3;transfer" ~/aws/aws-sdk-cpp
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73 $ make -j 4
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74 $ make install
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75
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76 Prerequisites: Install `vcpkg <https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg>`__ dependencies::
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77
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78 $ ./vcpkg install cryptopp
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79
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80 Compile::
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81
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82 $ mkdir -p build/aws
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83 $ cd build/aws
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84 $ cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]\scripts\buildsystems\vcpkg.cmake ../../orthanc-object-storage/Aws
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85
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86 Azure Blob Storage plugin
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87 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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88
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89 Prerequisites: Install `vcpkg <https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg>`__ dependencies::
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90
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91 $ ./vcpkg install cpprestsdk
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92
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93
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94 Compile::
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95
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96 $ mkdir -p build/azure
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97 $ cd build/azure
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98 $ cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]\scripts\buildsystems\vcpkg.cmake ../../orthanc-object-storage/Azure
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99
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100 Google Storage plugin
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101 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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102
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103 Prerequisites: Install `vcpkg <https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg>`__ dependencies::
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104
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105 $ ./vcpkg install google-cloud-cpp
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106 $ ./vcpkg install cryptopp
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107
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108 Compile::
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109
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110 $ mkdir -p build/google
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111 $ cd build/google
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112 $ cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]\scripts\buildsystems\vcpkg.cmake ../../orthanc-object-storage/google
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113
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114
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115 Configuration
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116 -------------
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117
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118 .. highlight:: json
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119
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120 AWS S3 plugin
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121 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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122
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123 Sample configuration::
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124
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125 "AwsS3Storage" : {
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126 "BucketName": "test-orthanc-s3-plugin",
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127 "Region" : "eu-central-1",
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128 "AccessKey" : "AKXXX",
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129 "SecretKey" : "RhYYYY",
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130 "Endpoint": "", // custom endpoint
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131 "ConnectionTimeout": 30, // connection timeout in seconds
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132 "RequestTimeout": 1200, // request timeout in seconds (max time to upload/download a file)
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133 "MigrationFromFileSystemEnabled": false, // see below
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134 "StorageStructure": "flat" // see below
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135 }
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136
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137 The **EndPoint** configuration is used when accessing an S3 compatible cloud provider. I.e. here is a configuration to store data on Scaleway::
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138
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139 "AwsS3Storage" : {
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140 "BucketName": "test-orthanc",
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141 "Region": "fr-par",
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142 "AccessKey": "XXX",
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143 "SecretKey": "YYY",
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144 "Endpoint": "s3.fr-par.scw.cloud"
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145 },
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146
451
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147 Azure Blob Storage plugin
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148 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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149
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150 Sample configuration::
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151
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152 "AzureBlobStorage" : {
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153 "ConnectionString": "DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=xxxxxxxxx;AccountKey=yyyyyyyy===;EndpointSuffix=core.windows.net",
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154 "ContainerName" : "test-orthanc-storage-plugin",
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155 "MigrationFromFileSystemEnabled": false, // see below
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156 "StorageStructure": "flat" // see below
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157 }
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158
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159
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160 Google Storage plugin
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161 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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162
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163 Sample configuration::
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164
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165 "GoogleCloudStorage" : {
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166 "ServiceAccountFile": "/path/to/googleServiceAccountFile.json",
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167 "BucketName": "test-orthanc-storage-plugin",
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168 "MigrationFromFileSystemEnabled": false, // see below
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169 "StorageStructure": "flat" // see below
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170 }
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171
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172
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173 Migration & Storage structure
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174 -----------------------------
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175
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176 The **StorageStructure** configuration allows you to select the way objects are organized
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177 within the storage (``flat`` or ``legacy``).
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178 Unlike traditional file system in which Orthanc uses 2 levels
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179 of folders, object storages usually have no limit on the number of files per folder and
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180 therefore all objects are stored at the root level of the object storage. This is the
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181 default ``flat`` behaviour. Note that, in the ``flat`` mode, an extension `.dcm` or `.json`
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182 is added to the filename which is not the case in the legacy mode.
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183
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184 The ``legacy`` behaviour mimicks the Orthanc File System convention. This is actually helpful
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185 when migrating your data from a file system to an object storage since you can copy all the file
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186 hierarchy as is.
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187
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188 Note that you can not change this configuration once you've uploaded the first files in Orthanc.
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189
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190 The **MigrationFromFileSystemEnabled** configuration has been for Orthanc to continue working
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191 while you're migrating your data from the file system to the object storage. While this option is enabled,
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192 Orthanc will store all new files into the object storage but will try to read/delete files
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193 from both the file system and the object storage.
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194
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195 This option can be disabled as soon as all files have been copied from the file system to the
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196 object storage. Note that Orthanc is not copying the files from one storage to the other; you'll
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197 have to use a standard ``sync`` command from the object-storage provider.
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198
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199
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200 Sample setups
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201 -------------
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202
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203 You'll find sample deployments and more info in the `Orthanc Setup Samples repository <https://bitbucket.org/osimis/orthanc-setup-samples/src/master/#markdown-header-for-osimisorthanc-pro-image-users>`__ .
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204
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205
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206 Client-side encryption
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207 ----------------------
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208
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209 Although all cloud providers already provide encryption at rest, the plugins provide
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210 an optional layer of client-side encryption . It is very important that you understand
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211 the scope and benefits of this additional layer of encryption.
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212
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213 Rationale
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214 ^^^^^^^^^
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215
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216 Encryption at rest provided by cloud providers basically compares with a file-system disk encryption.
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217 If someone has access to the disk, he won't have access to your data without the encryption key.
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218
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219 With cloud encryption at rest only, if someone has access to the "api-key" of your storage or if one
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220 of your admin inadvertently make your storage public, `PHI <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_health_information>`__ will leak.
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221
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222 Once you use client-side encryption, you'll basically store packets of meaningless bytes on the cloud infrastructure.
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223 So, if an "api-key" leaks or if the storage is misconfigured, packets of bytes will leak but not PHI since
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224 no one will be able to decrypt them.
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225
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226 Another advantage is that these packets of bytes might eventually not be considered as PHI anymore and eventually
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227 help you meet your local regulations (Please check your local regulations).
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228
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229 However, note that, if you're running entirely in a cloud environment, your decryption keys will still
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230 be stored on the cloud infrastructure (VM disks - process RAM) and an attacker could still eventually gain access to this keys.
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231
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232 If Orthanc is running in your infrastructure with the Index DB on your infrastructure, and files are store in the cloud,
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233 the master keys will remain on your infrastructure only and there's no way the data stored in the cloud could be decrypted outside your infrastructure.
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234
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235 Also note that, although the cloud providers also provide client-side encryption, we, as an open-source project,
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236 wanted to provide our own implementation on which you'll have full control and extension capabilities.
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237 This also allows us to implement the same logic on all cloud providers.
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238
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239 Our encryption is based on well-known standards (see below). Since it is documented and the source code is open-source,
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240 feel-free to have your security expert review it before using it in a production environment.
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241
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242 Technical details
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243 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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244
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245 Orthanc saves 2 kind of files: DICOM files and JSON summaries of DICOM files. Both files contain PHI.
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246
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247 When configuring the plugin, you'll have to provide a **Master Key** that we can also call the **Key Encryption Key (KEK)**.
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248
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249 For each file being saved, the plugin will generate a new **Data Encryption Key (DEK)**. This DEK, encrypted with the KEK will be pre-pended to the file.
451
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250
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251 If, at any point, your KEK leaks or you want to rotate your KEKs, you'll be able to use a new one to encrypt new files that are being added
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252 and still use the old ones to decrypt data. You could then eventually start a side script to remove usages of the leaked/obsolete KEKs.
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253
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254 To summarize:
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255
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256 - We use `Crypto++ <https://www.cryptopp.com/>`__ to perform all encryptions.
451
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257 - All keys (KEK and DEK) are AES-256 keys.
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258 - DEKs and IVs are encrypted by KEK using CTR block cipher using a null IV.
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259 - data is encrypted by DEK using GCM block cipher that will also perform integrity check on the whole file.
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260
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261 The format of data stored on disk is therefore the following:
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262
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263 - **VERSION HEADER**: 2 bytes: identify the structure of the following data currently `A1`
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264 - **MASTER KEY ID**: 4 bytes: a numerical ID of the KEK that was used to encrypt the DEK
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265 - **EIV**: 32 bytes: IV used by DEK for data encryption; encrypted by KEK
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266 - **EDEK**: 32 bytes: the DEK encrypted by the KEK.
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267 - **CIPHER TEXT**: variable length: the DICOM/JSON file encrypted by the DEK
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268 - **TAG**: 16 bytes: integrity check performed on the whole encrypted file (including header, master key id, EIV and EDEK)
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269
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270 Configuration
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271 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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272
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273 .. highlight:: text
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274
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275 AES Keys shall be 32 bytes long (256 bits) and encoded in base64. Here's a sample OpenSSL command to generate such a key::
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276
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277 openssl rand -base64 -out /tmp/test.key 32
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278
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279 Each key must have a unique id that is a uint32 number.
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280
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281 .. highlight:: json
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282
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283 Here's a sample configuration file of the `StorageEncryption` section of the plugins::
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284
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285 {
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286 "GoogleCloudStorage" : {
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287 "StorageEncryption" : {
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288 "Enable": true,
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289 "MasterKey": [3, "/path/to/master.key"], // key id - path to the base64 encoded key
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290 "PreviousMasterKeys" : [
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291 [1, "/path/to/previous1.key"],
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292 [2, "/path/to/previous2.key"]
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293 ],
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294 "MaxConcurrentInputSize" : 1024 // size in MB
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295 }
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296 }
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297 }
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298
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299 **MaxConcurrentInputSize**: Since the memory used during encryption/decryption can grow up to a bit more
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300 than 2 times the input, we want to limit the number of threads doing concurrent processing according
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301 to the available memory instead of the number of concurrent threads. Therefore, if you're currently
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302 ingesting small files, you can have a lot of thread working together while, if you're ingesting large
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303 files, threads might have to wait before receiving a "slot" to access the encryption module.