Mercurial > hg > orthanc-book
annotate Sphinx/source/plugins/python.rst @ 379:c9fe3d0d0fa1
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| author | Sebastien Jodogne <s.jodogne@gmail.com> |
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| date | Wed, 08 Apr 2020 08:49:59 +0200 |
| parents | 16dc3561b41e ffe62e6c086f |
| children | ba486cac480a |
| rev | line source |
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1 .. _python-plugin: |
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4 Python plugin for Orthanc |
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5 ========================= |
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6 |
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7 .. contents:: |
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8 |
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10 Overview |
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11 -------- |
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12 |
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13 This plugin can be used to write :ref:`Orthanc plugins |
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14 <creating-plugins>` using the `Python programming language |
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15 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)>`__ |
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16 instead of the more complex C/C++ programming languages. |
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17 |
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18 Python plugins have access to more features and a more consistent SDK |
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19 than :ref:`Lua scripts <lua>`. The Python API is automatically |
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20 generated from the `Orthanc plugin SDK in C |
| 345 | 21 <https://hg.orthanc-server.com/orthanc/file/Orthanc-1.5.7/Plugins/Include/orthanc/OrthancCPlugin.h>`__ |
| 22 using the `Clang <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clang>`__ compiler | |
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23 front-end. |
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24 |
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25 As of initial release 1.0 of the plugin, the coverage of the C SDK is |
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26 about 75% (105 functions are automatically wrapped in Python out of a |
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27 total of 139 functions in the Orthanc SDK 1.5.7). |
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28 |
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29 |
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30 Source code |
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31 ----------- |
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32 |
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33 * Link to the `official releases of this plugin |
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34 <https://www.orthanc-server.com/browse.php?path=/plugin-python>`__. |
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35 |
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36 * Link to the `code repository |
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37 <https://hg.orthanc-server.com/orthanc-python/>`__. |
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38 |
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39 |
| 353 | 40 Licensing |
| 41 --------- | |
| 42 | |
| 43 Pay attention to the fact that this plugin is licensed under the terms | |
| 44 of the `AGPL license | |
| 45 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License>`__. | |
| 46 | |
| 47 This has an important consequence: If you distribute Orthanc to | |
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48 clients together with one Python script, or if you put an Orthanc |
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49 server equipped with one Python script on a Web portal, you **must** |
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50 disclose the source code of your Python script to the Orthanc |
| 354 | 51 community under the terms of the AGPL license. |
| 52 | |
| 53 We suggest you to put the source code of your Python scripts on the | |
| 54 dedicated `"OrthancContributed" repository on GitHub | |
| 55 <https://github.com/jodogne/OrthancContributed/tree/master/Plugins>`__, | |
| 56 and/or to send it to the `Orthanc Users | |
| 57 <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/orthanc-users>`__ discussion | |
| 58 group. | |
| 353 | 59 |
| 60 Check out the :ref:`FAQ about licensing <licensing>` for more context. | |
| 61 | |
| 62 | |
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63 Usage |
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64 ----- |
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65 |
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66 Docker |
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67 ...... |
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68 |
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69 .. highlight:: json |
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70 |
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71 The most direct way of starting Orthanc together with the Python |
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72 plugin is through :ref:`Docker <docker>`. Let's create the file |
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73 ``/tmp/hello.py`` that contains the following basic Python script:: |
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74 |
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75 print('Hello world!') |
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76 |
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77 .. highlight:: json |
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78 |
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79 Let's also create the file ``/tmp/orthanc.json`` that contains the |
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80 following minimal :ref:`configuration for Orthanc <configuration>`:: |
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81 |
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82 { |
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83 "StorageDirectory" : "/var/lib/orthanc/db", |
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84 "RemoteAccessAllowed" : true, |
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85 "Plugins" : [ |
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86 "/usr/local/share/orthanc/plugins" |
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87 ], |
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88 "PythonScript" : "/etc/orthanc/hello.py" |
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89 } |
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90 |
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91 .. highlight:: bash |
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92 |
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93 Given these two files, Orthanc can be started as follows:: |
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94 |
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95 $ docker run -p 4242:4242 -p 8042:8042 --rm \ |
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96 -v /tmp/orthanc.json:/etc/orthanc/orthanc.json:ro \ |
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97 -v /tmp/hello.py:/etc/orthanc/hello.py:ro \ |
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98 jodogne/orthanc-python |
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99 |
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100 .. highlight:: text |
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101 |
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102 You'll see the following excerpt in the log, which indicates that the Python plugin is properly loaded:: |
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103 |
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104 W0331 15:48:12.990661 PluginsManager.cpp:269] Registering plugin 'python' (version mainline) |
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105 W0331 15:48:12.990691 PluginsManager.cpp:168] Python plugin is initializing |
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106 W0331 15:48:12.990743 PluginsManager.cpp:168] Using Python script "hello.py" from directory: /etc/orthanc |
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107 W0331 15:48:12.990819 PluginsManager.cpp:168] Program name: /usr/local/sbin/Orthanc |
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108 Hello world! |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 Compiling from source |
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112 ..................... |
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113 |
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114 .. highlight:: bash |
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115 |
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116 The procedure to compile this plugin from source is similar to that |
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117 for the :ref:`core of Orthanc <compiling>`. The following commands |
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118 should work for most UNIX-like distribution (including GNU/Linux):: |
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119 |
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120 $ mkdir Build |
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121 $ cd Build |
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122 $ cmake .. -DPYTHON_VERSION=3.7 -DSTATIC_BUILD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release |
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123 $ make |
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124 |
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125 Before running CMake, make sure that the Python interpreter and its |
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126 associated development library are installed. On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, you |
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127 would for instance install packages ``libpython3.7-dev`` and |
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128 ``python3.7``. |
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129 |
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130 The compilation will produce the shared library ``OrthancPython``, |
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131 that can be loaded by properly setting the ``Plugins`` |
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132 :ref:`configuration option <configuration>` of Orthanc. |
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133 |
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134 **Warning:** The shared library is only compatible with the Python |
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135 interpreter whose version corresponds to the value of the |
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136 ``PYTHON_VERSION`` argument that was given to CMake. |
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137 |
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138 |
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139 Microsoft Windows |
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140 ................. |
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141 |
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142 Pre-compiled binaries for Microsoft Windows `are also available |
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143 <https://www.orthanc-server.com/browse.php?path=/plugin-python>`__. |
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144 |
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145 Beware that one version of the Python plugin can only be run against |
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146 one version of the Python interpreter. This version is clearly |
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147 indicated in the name of the folder. |
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148 |
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149 As of release 1.0, the Orthanc project only provides pre-compiled |
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150 binaries for Microsoft Windows 32bit and Python 2.7. Even though this |
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151 version of Python is not supported anymore, it can still run on all |
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152 the versions of Microsoft Windows that have been released for more |
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153 than 10 years. |
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154 |
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155 .. highlight:: text |
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156 |
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157 You are of course free to compile the plugin from sources if you need |
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158 a more recent version. You'll have to explicitly specify the path to |
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159 your Python installation while invoking CMake. For instance:: |
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160 |
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161 C:\orthanc-python\Build> cmake .. -DPYTHON_VERSION=2.7 -DPYTHON_WINDOWS_ROOT=C:/Python27 \ |
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162 -DSTATIC_BUILD=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" |
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163 |
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164 **Note about debug builds**: usually, building Python modules such as the Python |
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165 plugin for Orthanc in debug mode (where ``_DEBUG`` is defined) leads to a module |
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166 (.exe or .dll) that requires a debug build of Python, and debug versions of all |
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167 the Python libraries. This is quite cumbersome, for it requires building Python |
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168 on your own or downloading additional debug files. |
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169 |
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170 Since using a debug build of Python is only necessary in very specific cases |
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171 (such as the debugging of code at the boundary between Python and an extension), |
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172 we have changed the default behavior to use the release Python library by default. |
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173 |
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174 This means that you are able to build this plugin in debug mode with the |
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175 standard Python distribution. |
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176 |
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177 In case you need to use the Python debug libraries, you can instruct the build |
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178 system to do so by setting the ``PYTHON_WINDOWS_USE_RELEASE_LIBS`` CMake option, |
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179 that is ``ON`` by default, to ``OFF``. The previous build example would then be, |
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180 should you require a full debug build:: |
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181 |
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182 C:\orthanc-python\Build> cmake .. -DPYTHON_VERSION=2.7 -DPYTHON_WINDOWS_ROOT=C:/Python27 \ |
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183 -DSTATIC_BUILD=ON -DPYTHON_WINDOWS_USE_RELEASE_LIBS=OFF \ |
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184 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" |
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185 |
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186 Please note that this CMake option only impacts **debug** builds under Windows, |
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187 when using (any version of) the Microsoft Visual Studio compiler. |
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188 |
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189 Configuration options |
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190 --------------------- |
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191 |
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192 The only two configuration options that are available for this plugin |
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193 are the following: |
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194 |
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195 * ``PythonScript`` indicates where the Python script is located. If |
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196 this configuration option is not provided, the Python plugin is not |
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197 started. |
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198 |
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199 * ``PythonVerbose`` is a Boolean value to make the Python interpreter |
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200 verbose. |
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201 |
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343
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202 |
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203 Samples |
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204 ------- |
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205 |
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206 Extending the REST API |
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207 ...................... |
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208 |
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209 .. highlight:: python |
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210 |
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211 Here is a basic Python script that registers two new routes in the |
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212 REST API:: |
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213 |
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214 import orthanc |
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215 import pprint |
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216 |
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217 def OnRest(output, uri, **request): |
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218 pprint.pprint(request) |
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219 print('Accessing uri: %s' % uri) |
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220 output.AnswerBuffer('ok\n', 'text/plain') |
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221 |
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222 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/(to)(t)o', OnRest) |
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223 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/tata', OnRest) |
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224 |
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225 .. highlight:: json |
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226 |
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227 Here is the associated minimal configuration file for Orthanc |
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228 (provided the Python script is saved as ``rest.py``):: |
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229 |
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230 { |
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231 "Plugins" : [ "." ], |
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232 "PythonScript" : "rest.py", |
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233 "PythonVerbose" : false |
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234 } |
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235 |
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236 .. highlight:: bash |
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237 |
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238 The route can then be accessed as:: |
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239 |
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240 $ curl http://localhost:8042/toto |
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241 ok |
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242 |
| 345 | 243 |
| 244 Listening to changes | |
| 245 .................... | |
| 246 | |
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346
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247 .. highlight:: python |
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248 |
| 345 | 249 This sample uploads a DICOM file as soon as Orthanc is started:: |
| 250 | |
| 251 import orthanc | |
| 252 | |
| 253 def OnChange(changeType, level, resource): | |
| 254 if changeType == orthanc.ChangeType.ORTHANC_STARTED: | |
| 255 print('Started') | |
| 256 | |
| 257 with open('/tmp/sample.dcm', 'rb') as f: | |
| 258 orthanc.RestApiPost('/instances', f.read()) | |
| 259 | |
| 260 elif changeType == orthanc.ChangeType.ORTHANC_STOPPED: | |
| 261 print('Stopped') | |
| 262 | |
| 263 elif changeType == orthanc.ChangeType.NEW_INSTANCE: | |
| 264 print('A new instance was uploaded: %s' % resource) | |
| 265 | |
| 266 orthanc.RegisterOnChangeCallback(OnChange) | |
| 267 | |
| 268 | |
| 269 Accessing the content of a new instance | |
|
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270 ....................................... |
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271 |
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272 .. highlight:: python |
| 345 | 273 |
| 274 :: | |
| 275 | |
| 276 import orthanc | |
| 277 import json | |
| 278 import pprint | |
| 279 | |
| 280 def OnStoredInstance(dicom, instanceId): | |
| 281 print('Received instance %s of size %d (transfer syntax %s, SOP class UID %s)' % ( | |
| 282 instanceId, dicom.GetInstanceSize(), | |
| 283 dicom.GetInstanceMetadata('TransferSyntax'), | |
| 284 dicom.GetInstanceMetadata('SopClassUid'))) | |
| 285 | |
| 286 # Print the origin information | |
| 287 if dicom.GetInstanceOrigin() == orthanc.InstanceOrigin.DICOM_PROTOCOL: | |
| 288 print('This instance was received through the DICOM protocol') | |
| 289 elif dicom.GetInstanceOrigin() == orthanc.InstanceOrigin.REST_API: | |
| 290 print('This instance was received through the REST API') | |
| 291 | |
| 292 # Print the DICOM tags | |
| 293 pprint.pprint(json.loads(dicom.GetInstanceSimplifiedJson())) | |
| 294 | |
| 295 orthanc.RegisterOnStoredInstanceCallback(OnStoredInstance) | |
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296 |
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297 |
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298 Calling pydicom |
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299 ............... |
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300 |
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301 .. highlight:: python |
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302 |
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303 Here is a sample Python plugin that registers a REST callback to dump |
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304 the content of the dataset of one given DICOM instance stored in |
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305 Orthanc, using `pydicom <https://pydicom.github.io/>`__:: |
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306 |
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307 import io |
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308 import orthanc |
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309 import pydicom |
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310 |
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311 def DecodeInstance(output, uri, **request): |
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312 if request['method'] == 'GET': |
| 347 | 313 # Retrieve the instance ID from the regular expression (*) |
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314 instanceId = request['groups'][0] |
| 347 | 315 # Get the content of the DICOM file |
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316 f = orthanc.GetDicomForInstance(instanceId) |
| 347 | 317 # Parse it using pydicom |
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318 dicom = pydicom.dcmread(io.BytesIO(f)) |
| 347 | 319 # Return a string representation the dataset to the caller |
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320 output.AnswerBuffer(str(dicom), 'text/plain') |
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321 else: |
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322 output.SendMethodNotAllowed('GET') |
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323 |
| 347 | 324 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/pydicom/(.*)', DecodeInstance) # (*) |
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325 |
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326 .. highlight:: bash |
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327 |
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328 This can be called as follows:: |
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329 |
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330 $ curl http://localhost:8042/pydicom/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5 |
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331 |
| 347 | 332 |
| 333 Auto-routing studies | |
| 334 .................... | |
| 335 | |
| 336 .. highlight:: python | |
| 337 | |
| 338 Here is a sample Python plugin that routes any :ref:`stable study | |
| 339 <lua-callbacks>` to a modality named ``samples`` (as declared in the | |
| 340 ``DicomModalities`` configuration option):: | |
| 341 | |
| 342 import orthanc | |
| 343 | |
| 344 def OnChange(changeType, level, resourceId): | |
| 345 if changeType == orthanc.ChangeType.STABLE_STUDY: | |
| 346 print('Stable study: %s' % resourceId) | |
| 347 orthanc.RestApiPost('/modalities/sample/store', resourceId) | |
| 348 | |
| 349 orthanc.RegisterOnChangeCallback(OnChange) | |
| 348 | 350 |
| 351 | |
| 352 | 352 Rendering a thumbnail using PIL/Pillow |
| 353 ...................................... | |
| 348 | 354 |
| 355 .. highlight:: python | |
| 356 | |
| 357 :: | |
| 358 | |
| 359 from PIL import Image | |
| 360 import io | |
| 361 import orthanc | |
| 362 | |
| 363 def DecodeInstance(output, uri, **request): | |
| 364 if request['method'] == 'GET': | |
| 365 # Retrieve the instance ID from the regular expression (*) | |
| 366 instanceId = request['groups'][0] | |
| 367 | |
| 368 # Render the instance, then open it in Python using PIL/Pillow | |
| 369 png = orthanc.RestApiGet('/instances/%s/rendered' % instanceId) | |
| 370 image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(png)) | |
| 371 | |
| 372 # Downsize the image as a 64x64 thumbnail | |
| 373 image.thumbnail((64, 64), Image.ANTIALIAS) | |
| 374 | |
| 375 # Save the thumbnail as JPEG, then send the buffer to the caller | |
| 376 jpeg = io.BytesIO() | |
| 377 image.save(jpeg, format = "JPEG", quality = 80) | |
| 378 jpeg.seek(0) | |
| 379 output.AnswerBuffer(jpeg.read(), 'text/plain') | |
| 380 | |
| 381 else: | |
| 382 output.SendMethodNotAllowed('GET') | |
| 383 | |
| 384 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/pydicom/(.*)', DecodeInstance) # (*) | |
| 351 | 385 |
| 386 | |
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387 .. _python-introspection: |
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388 |
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389 Inspecting the available API |
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390 ............................ |
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391 |
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392 .. highlight:: python |
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393 |
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394 Thanks to Python's introspection primitives, it is possible to inspect |
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395 the API of the ``orthanc`` module in order to dump all the available |
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396 features:: |
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397 |
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398 import inspect |
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399 import numbers |
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400 import orthanc |
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401 |
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402 # Loop over the members of the "orthanc" module |
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403 for (name, obj) in inspect.getmembers(orthanc): |
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404 if inspect.isroutine(obj): |
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405 print('Function %s():\n Documentation: %s\n' % (name, inspect.getdoc(obj))) |
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406 |
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407 elif inspect.isclass(obj): |
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408 print('Class %s:\n Documentation: %s' % (name, inspect.getdoc(obj))) |
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409 |
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410 # Loop over the members of the class |
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411 for (subname, subobj) in inspect.getmembers(obj): |
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412 if isinstance(subobj, numbers.Number): |
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413 print(' - Enumeration value %s: %s' % (subname, subobj)) |
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414 elif (not subname.startswith('_') and |
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415 inspect.ismethoddescriptor(subobj)): |
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416 print(' - Method %s(): %s' % (subname, inspect.getdoc(subobj))) |
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417 print('') |
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418 |
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419 |
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420 .. _python-scheduler: |
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421 |
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422 Scheduling a task for periodic execution |
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423 ........................................ |
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424 |
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425 .. highlight:: python |
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426 |
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427 The following Python script will periodically (every second) run the |
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428 function ``Hello()`` thanks to the ``threading`` module:: |
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429 |
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430 import orthanc |
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431 import threading |
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432 |
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433 TIMER = None |
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434 |
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435 def Hello(): |
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436 global TIMER |
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437 TIMER = None |
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438 orthanc.LogWarning("In Hello()") |
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439 # Do stuff... |
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440 TIMER = threading.Timer(1, Hello) # Re-schedule after 1 second |
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441 TIMER.start() |
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442 |
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443 def OnChange(changeType, level, resource): |
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444 if changeType == orthanc.ChangeType.ORTHANC_STARTED: |
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445 orthanc.LogWarning("Starting the scheduler") |
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446 Hello() |
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447 |
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448 elif changeType == orthanc.ChangeType.ORTHANC_STOPPED: |
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449 if TIMER != None: |
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450 orthanc.LogWarning("Stopping the scheduler") |
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451 TIMER.cancel() |
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452 |
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453 orthanc.RegisterOnChangeCallback(OnChange) |
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454 |
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378
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455 |
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456 .. _python-metadata: |
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457 |
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458 Filtering and returning metadata |
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459 ................................ |
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460 |
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461 Besides the main DICOM tags, Orthanc associates some metadata to each |
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462 resource it stores (this includes the date of last update, the |
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463 transfer syntax, the remote AET...). People are often interested in |
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464 getting such metadata while calling the ``/tools/find`` route in the |
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465 :ref:`REST API <rest-find>`, or even in filtering this metadata the |
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466 same way they look for DICOM tags. |
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467 |
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468 This feature is not built in the core of Orthanc, as metadata is not |
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469 indexed in the Orthanc database, contrarily to the main DICOM |
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470 tags. Filtering metadata requires a linear search over all the |
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471 matching resources, which induces a cost in the performance. |
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472 |
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473 .. highlight:: python |
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474 |
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475 Nevertheless, here is a full sample Python script that overwrites the |
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476 ``/tools/find`` route in order to give access to metadata:: |
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477 |
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478 import json |
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479 import orthanc |
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480 import re |
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481 |
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482 # Get the path in the REST API to the given resource that was returned |
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483 # by a call to "/tools/find" |
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484 def GetPath(resource): |
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485 if resource['Type'] == 'Patient': |
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486 return '/patients/%s' % resource['ID'] |
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487 elif resource['Type'] == 'Study': |
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488 return '/studies/%s' % resource['ID'] |
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489 elif resource['Type'] == 'Series': |
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490 return '/series/%s' % resource['ID'] |
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491 elif resource['Type'] == 'Instance': |
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492 return '/instances/%s' % resource['ID'] |
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493 else: |
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494 raise Exception('Unknown resource level') |
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495 |
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496 def FindWithMetadata(output, uri, **request): |
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497 # The "/tools/find" route expects a POST method |
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498 if request['method'] != 'POST': |
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499 output.SendMethodNotAllowed('POST') |
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500 else: |
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501 # Parse the query provided by the user, and backup the "Expand" field |
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502 query = json.loads(request['body']) |
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503 |
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504 if 'Expand' in query: |
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505 originalExpand = query['Expand'] |
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506 else: |
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507 originalExpand = False |
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508 |
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509 # Call the core "/tools/find" route |
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510 query['Expand'] = True |
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511 answers = orthanc.RestApiPost('/tools/find', json.dumps(query)) |
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512 |
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513 # Loop over the matching resources |
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514 filteredAnswers = [] |
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515 for answer in json.loads(answers): |
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516 try: |
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517 # Read the metadata that is associated with the resource |
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518 metadata = json.loads(orthanc.RestApiGet('%s/metadata?expand' % GetPath(answer))) |
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519 |
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520 # Check whether the metadata matches the regular expressions |
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521 # that were provided in the "Metadata" field of the user request |
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522 isMetadataMatch = True |
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523 if 'Metadata' in query: |
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524 for (name, pattern) in query['Metadata'].items(): |
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525 if name in metadata: |
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526 value = metadata[name] |
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527 else: |
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528 value = '' |
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529 |
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530 if re.match(pattern, value) == None: |
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531 isMetadataMatch = False |
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532 break |
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533 |
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534 # If all the metadata matches the provided regular |
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535 # expressions, add the resource to the filtered answers |
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536 if isMetadataMatch: |
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537 if originalExpand: |
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538 answer['Metadata'] = metadata |
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539 filteredAnswers.append(answer) |
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540 else: |
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541 filteredAnswers.append(answer['ID']) |
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542 except: |
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543 # The resource was deleted since the call to "/tools/find" |
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544 pass |
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545 |
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546 # Return the filtered answers in the JSON format |
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547 output.AnswerBuffer(json.dumps(filteredAnswers, indent = 3), 'application/json') |
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548 |
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549 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/tools/find', FindWithMetadata) |
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550 |
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551 |
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552 **Warning:** In the sample above, the filtering of the metadata is |
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553 done using Python's `library for regular expressions |
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554 <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html>`__. It is evidently |
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555 possible to adapt this script in order to use the DICOM conventions |
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556 about `attribute matching |
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557 <http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/2019e/output/chtml/part04/sect_C.2.2.2.html>`__. |
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558 |
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559 .. highlight:: python |
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560 |
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561 Here is a sample call to retrieve all the studies that were last |
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562 updated in 2019 thanks to this Python script:: |
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563 |
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564 $ curl http://localhost:8042/tools/find -d '{"Level":"Study","Query":{},"Expand":true,"Metadata":{"LastUpdate":"^2019.*$"}}' |
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369
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565 |
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566 |
| 351 | 567 Performance and concurrency |
| 568 --------------------------- | |
| 569 | |
| 570 .. highlight:: python | |
| 571 | |
| 572 Let us consider the following sample Python script that makes a | |
| 573 CPU-intensive computation on a REST callback:: | |
| 574 | |
| 575 import math | |
| 576 import orthanc | |
| 577 import time | |
| 578 | |
| 579 # CPU-intensive computation taking about 4 seconds | |
| 580 def SlowComputation(): | |
| 581 start = time.time() | |
| 582 for i in range(1000): | |
| 583 for j in range(30000): | |
| 584 math.sqrt(float(j)) | |
| 585 end = time.time() | |
| 586 duration = (end - start) | |
| 587 return 'computation done in %.03f seconds\n' % duration | |
| 588 | |
| 589 def OnRest(output, uri, **request): | |
| 590 answer = SlowComputation() | |
| 591 output.AnswerBuffer(answer, 'text/plain') | |
| 592 | |
| 593 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/computation', OnRest) | |
| 594 | |
| 595 | |
| 596 .. highlight:: text | |
| 597 | |
| 598 Calling this REST route from the command-line returns the time that is | |
| 599 needed to compute 30 million times a squared root on your CPU:: | |
| 600 | |
| 601 $ curl http://localhost:8042/computation | |
| 602 computation done in 4.208 seconds | |
| 603 | |
| 604 Now, let us call this route three times concurrently (we use bash):: | |
| 605 | |
| 606 $ (curl http://localhost:8042/computation & curl http://localhost:8042/computation & curl http://localhost:8042/computation ) | |
| 607 computation done in 11.262 seconds | |
| 608 computation done in 12.457 seconds | |
| 609 computation done in 13.360 seconds | |
| 610 | |
| 611 As can be seen, the computation time has tripled. This means that the | |
| 612 computations were not distributed across the available CPU cores. | |
| 613 This might seem surprising, as Orthanc is a threaded server (in | |
| 614 Orthanc, a pool of C++ threads serves concurrent requests). | |
| 615 | |
| 616 The explanation is that the Python interpreter (`CPython | |
| 617 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPython>`__ actually) is built on the | |
| 618 top of a so-called `Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) | |
| 619 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_interpreter_lock>`__. The GIL is | |
| 620 basically a mutex that protects all the calls to the Python | |
| 621 interpreter. If multiple C++ threads from Orthanc call a Python | |
| 353 | 622 callback, only one can proceed at any given time. Note however that |
| 623 the GIL only applies to the Python script: The baseline REST API of | |
| 624 Orthanc is not affected by the GIL. | |
| 351 | 625 |
| 626 .. highlight:: python | |
| 627 | |
| 628 The solution is to use the `multiprocessing primitives | |
| 629 <https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html>`__ of Python. | |
| 630 The "master" Python interpreter that is initially started by the | |
| 631 Orthanc plugin, can start several `children processes | |
| 632 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)>`__, each of these | |
| 633 processes running a separate Python interpreter. This allows to | |
| 634 offload intensive computations from the "master" Python interpreter of | |
| 635 Orthanc onto those "slave" interpreters. The ``multiprocessing`` | |
| 636 library is actually quite straightforward to use:: | |
| 637 | |
| 638 import math | |
| 639 import multiprocessing | |
| 640 import orthanc | |
| 641 import signal | |
| 642 import time | |
| 643 | |
| 644 # CPU-intensive computation taking about 4 seconds | |
| 645 # (same code as above) | |
| 646 def SlowComputation(): | |
| 647 start = time.time() | |
| 648 for i in range(1000): | |
| 649 for j in range(30000): | |
| 650 math.sqrt(float(j)) | |
| 651 end = time.time() | |
| 652 duration = (end - start) | |
| 653 return 'computation done in %.03f seconds\n' % duration | |
| 654 | |
| 655 # Ignore CTRL+C in the slave processes | |
| 656 def Initializer(): | |
| 657 signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN) | |
| 658 | |
| 659 # Create a pool of 4 slave Python interpreters | |
| 660 POOL = multiprocessing.Pool(4, initializer = Initializer) | |
| 661 | |
| 662 def OnRest(output, uri, **request): | |
| 663 # Offload the call to "SlowComputation" onto one slave process. | |
| 664 # The GIL is unlocked until the slave sends its answer back. | |
| 665 answer = POOL.apply(SlowComputation) | |
| 666 output.AnswerBuffer(answer, 'text/plain') | |
| 667 | |
| 668 orthanc.RegisterRestCallback('/computation', OnRest) | |
| 669 | |
| 670 .. highlight:: text | |
| 671 | |
| 672 Here is now the result of calling this route three times concurrently:: | |
| 673 | |
| 674 $ (curl http://localhost:8042/computation & curl http://localhost:8042/computation & curl http://localhost:8042/computation ) | |
| 675 computation done in 4.211 seconds | |
| 676 computation done in 4.215 seconds | |
| 677 computation done in 4.225 seconds | |
| 678 | |
| 679 As can be seen, the calls to the Python computation now fully run in | |
| 680 parallel (the time is cut down from 12 seconds to 4 seconds, the same | |
| 681 as for one isolated request). | |
| 682 | |
| 683 Note also how the ``multiprocessing`` library allows to make a fine | |
| 684 control over the computational resources that are available to the | |
| 685 Python script: The number of "slave" interpreters can be easily | |
| 686 changed in the constructor of the ``multiprocessing.Pool`` object, and | |
| 687 are fully independent of the threads used by the Orthanc server. | |
| 688 | |
| 352 | 689 .. highlight:: python |
| 690 | |
| 691 Very importantly, pay attention to the fact that only the "master" | |
| 692 Python interpreter has access to the Orthanc SDK. For instance, here | |
| 693 is how you would parse a DICOM file in a slave process:: | |
| 694 | |
| 695 import pydicom | |
| 696 import io | |
| 697 | |
| 698 def OffloadedDicomParsing(dicom): | |
| 699 # No access to the "orthanc" library here, as we are in the slave process | |
| 700 dataset = pydicom.dcmread(io.BytesIO(dicom)) | |
| 701 return str(dataset) | |
| 702 | |
| 703 def OnRest(output, uri, **request): | |
| 704 # The call to "orthanc.RestApiGet()" is only possible in the master process | |
| 705 dicom = orthanc.RestApiGet('/instances/19816330-cb02e1cf-df3a8fe8-bf510623-ccefe9f5/file') | |
| 706 answer = POOL.apply(OffloadedDicomParsing, args = (dicom, )) | |
| 707 output.AnswerBuffer(answer, 'text/plain') | |
| 708 | |
| 709 Communication primitives such as ``multiprocessing.Queue`` are | |
| 710 available to exchange messages from the "slave" Python interpreters to | |
| 711 the "master" Python interpreter if further calls to the Orthanc SDK | |
| 712 are required. | |
| 713 | |
| 351 | 714 Obviously, an in-depth discussion about the ``multiprocessing`` |
| 715 library is out of the scope of this document. There are many | |
| 375 | 716 references available on Internet. Also, note that ``threading`` is not |
| 717 useful here, as Python multithreading is also limited by the GIL, and | |
| 718 is more targeted at dealing with costly I/O operations or with the | |
| 719 :ref:`scheduling of commands <python-scheduler>`. |