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author Sebastien Jodogne <s.jodogne@gmail.com>
date Fri, 16 Apr 2021 18:54:36 +0200
parents be8b638f3f46
children 22e3868d2eb1
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1 .. _https:
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2
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3 HTTPS encryption with Orthanc
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4 =============================
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6 .. contents::
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7
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8 Overview
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9 --------
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10
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11 It is highly desirable to enable HTTPS (SSL) encryption with Orthanc
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12 to protect its REST API, as it provides access to medical
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13 information. To this end, you have two possibilites:
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15 1. Put Orthanc behind an enterprise-ready HTTPS server such as
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16 :ref:`Apache <apache>`, :ref:`nginx <nginx>` or :ref:`Microsoft IIS <iis>`.
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17 2. For simple deployments, use Orthanc :ref:`built-in HTTPS server <https-builtin>`.
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19 **You should always favor the first option**. The second option might make
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20 sense in the context of an hospital Intranet, i.e. the Orthanc server
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21 is not publicly accessible from the Internet.
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24 .. _https-builtin:
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26 Built-in encryption
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27 -------------------
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28
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29 To enable the built-in HTTP server of Orthanc, you need to:
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30
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31 1. Obtain a `X.509 certificate <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509>`_
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32 in the `PEM format
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33 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509#Certificate_filename_extensions>`_.
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34 2. Prepend this certificate with the content of your private key.
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35 3. Modify the ``SslEnabled`` and ``SslCertificate`` variables in the
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36 :ref:`Orthanc configuration file <configuration>`.
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39 Examples
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40 --------
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41
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42 Securing Orthanc using self-signed certificate
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43 ..............................................
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44
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45 .. highlight:: bash
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46
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47 Here are instructions to create a simple self-signed SSL certificate
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48 that is suitable for test environments thanks to the `OpenSSL
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49 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openssl>`_ command-line tools::
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51 $ openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /tmp/private.key -out /tmp/certificate.crt
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52 $ cat /tmp/private.key /tmp/certificate.crt > /tmp/certificate.pem
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53
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54 **Important:** While invoking ``openssl``, make sure to set the option
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55 ``Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)`` to the name of your
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56 server. For testing on your local computer, you would set this option
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57 to value ``localhost``.
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58
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59 The file ``/tmp/certificate.crt`` can be publicly distributed. The
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60 files ``/tmp/private.key`` and ``/tmp/certificate.pem`` must be kept
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61 secret and must be stored securely.
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62
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63 Some interesting references about generating self-signed certificates
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64 can be found `here <http://www.devsec.org/info/ssl-cert.html>`__,
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65 `here <https://www.akadia.com/services/ssh_test_certificate.html>`__,
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66 and `here
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67 <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/991758/how-to-get-pem-file-from-key-and-crt-files>`__.
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68
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69 .. highlight:: json
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70
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71 Once the certificate is generated, you can start Orthanc using the
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72 following minimal configuration file::
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73
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74 {
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75 "SslEnabled" : true,
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76 "SslCertificate" : "/tmp/certificate.pem"
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77 }
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81
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82 Querying Orthanc using HTTPS
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83 ............................
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84
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85 .. highlight:: txt
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86
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87 If you contact Orthanc using a HTTP client, you will see that
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88 encryption is enabled::
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89
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90 $ curl http://localhost:8042/studies
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91 curl: (52) Empty reply from server
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92
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93 Nothing is returned from the Orthanc server using the HTTP protocol,
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94 as it must contacted using the HTTPS protocol. You have to provide the
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95 ``https`` prefix::
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96
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97 $ curl https://localhost:8042/studies
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98 curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate
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99 More details here: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
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100
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101 curl failed to verify the legitimacy of the server and therefore could not
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102 establish a secure connection to it. To learn more about this situation and
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103 how to fix it, please visit the web page mentioned above.
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104
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105 The HTTPS client now complains, as it was not provided with our
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106 self-signed certificate. For the query to succeed, you must provide
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107 the public certificate ``/tmp/certificate.crt`` that was generated
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108 above to the HTTPS client::
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109
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110 $ curl --cacert /tmp/certificate.crt https://localhost:8042/studies
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111 [ "66c8e41e-ac3a9029-0b85e42a-8195ee0a-92c2e62e" ]
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112
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113
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114 Configuring Orthanc peers
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115 .........................
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116
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117 .. highlight:: json
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118
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119 Let us configure a second instance of Orthanc on the localhost that
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120 will act as a client (i.e., an :ref:`Orthanc peer <peers>`) to the
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121 HTTPS-protected Orthanc server. One would create the following
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122 configuration file::
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123
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124 {
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125 "HttpPort" : 8043,
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126 "DicomPort" : 4343,
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127 "OrthancPeers" : {
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128 "https" : [ "https://localhost:8042/" ]
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129 }
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130 }
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131
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132
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133 .. highlight:: bash
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134
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135 The values of the ``HttpPort`` and ``DicomPort`` options are set to
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136 non-default values in order to avoid a collision with the
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137 HTTPS-protected Orthanc. Let us now trigger a query from our Orthanc
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138 client to the Orthanc server using the REST API of the Orthanc
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139 client::
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140
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141 $ curl http://localhost:8043/peers/https/system
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142 {
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143 "Details" : "libCURL error: Problem with the SSL CA cert (path? access rights?)",
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144 "HttpError" : "Internal Server Error",
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145 "HttpStatus" : 500,
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146 [...]
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147 }
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148
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149 .. highlight:: json
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150
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151 Just like the cURL command-line client, the Orthanc client complains
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152 about the fact it wasn't provided with the HTTPS public certificate.
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153 The certificate must be provided by adapting the configuration file as
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154 follows::
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155
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156 {
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157 "HttpPort" : 8043,
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158 "DicomPort" : 4343,
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159 "HttpsCACertificates" : "/tmp/certificate.crt",
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160 "OrthancPeers" : {
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161 "https" : [ "https://localhost:8042/" ]
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162 }
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163 }
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164
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165
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166 .. highlight:: bash
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167
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168 Using this new configuration, the query will succeed::
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169
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170 $ curl http://localhost:8043/peers/https/system
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171 {
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172 "ApiVersion" : 6,
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173 "DicomAet" : "ORTHANC",
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174 "DicomPort" : 4242,
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175 "HttpPort" : 8042,
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176 [...]
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177 }
512
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178
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179
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180 Securing Orthanc with mutual TLS authentication
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181 ...............................................
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182
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183 .. highlight:: bash
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184
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185 Once HTTPS is enabled, Orthanc can also be configured to accept incoming
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186 connections based on a certificate provided by the client.
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187
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188 Server side, this is configured via::
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189
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190 {
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191 "SslVerifyPeers": true,
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192 "SslTrustedClientCertificates": "trustedClientCertificates.pem"
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193 }
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194
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195 ``SslTrustedClientCertificates`` shall contain a list of certificates
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196 that are trusted. This can be a list of individual self-signed certificates
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197 or this can contain a list of trusted root CAs.
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198
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199 Client side, this is configured via::
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200
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201 {
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202 "OrthancPeers" : {
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203 "orthanc-b" : {
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204 "Url" : "https://localhost:8043",
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205 "CertificateFile" : "client-crt.pem",
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206 "CertificateKeyFile" : "client-key.pem",
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207 "CertificateKeyPassword": ""
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208 }
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209 }
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210 }
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211
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212 Note that the same kind of configuration is also available for
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213 :ref:`DICOMweb client <dicomweb-client>`.
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214
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215 An example of such a setup with instructions to generate the
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216 certificates is available `here <https://bitbucket.org/osimis/orthanc-setup-samples/src/master/docker/tls-mutual-auth/>`__ .