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1 .. _debugging_encodings:
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2
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3 Debugging encoding issues (SpecificCharacterSet)
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4 ================================================
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5
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6 .. contents::
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7
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8 .. highlight:: bash
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9
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10 Orthanc does not display the PatientName correctly
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11 --------------------------------------------------
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12
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13 If your DICOM files are valid, Orthanc should display all strings correctly both
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14 in the UI and in the Rest API in which all strings are converted to UTF-8.
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15
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16 However, it might still be useful to understand what's wrong with your files
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17 such that you can possibly fix your files once they have been stored in Orthanc
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18 or configure your modality correctly.
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19
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20 **Example 1**: a DICOM file is sent to Orthanc with ``SpecificCharacterSet`` set to ``ISO_IR 100``
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21 (Latin1). The PatientName is expected to be ``ccžšd^CCŽŠÐ`` but Orthanc displays ``ccd^CCÐ``.
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22 If you open the DICOM file in an Hex editor and search for the PatientName, you'll find this sequence
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23 of bytes: ``63 63 9e 9a 64 5e 43 43 8e 8a d0``. By checking the `Latin1 code page
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24 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1>`__, you realise that the ``9e`` and ``9a`` characters
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25 are not valid Latin1 characters and are therefore replaced by ```` in Orthanc UI.
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26
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27 In this case, they have most likely been generated on a Windows system by using the default `Windows 1252
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28 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252>`__ encoding in which ``9e`` is ``ž``.
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29
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30 How to solve it ? It is highly recommended to fix it before Orthanc: in your RIS, worklist server or modality.
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31 However, if you can not fix it there, you may still try to fix it once the file has been stored in Orthanc.
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32 You can get inspiration from this `lua script <https://github.com/orthanc-server/orthanc-setup-samples/src/master/lua-samples/sanitizeInvalidUtf8TagValues.lua>`__
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33 that is fixing invalid UTF-8 characters
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34
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